Experiment 7: Saponification Kinetics of Ethyl Acetate

Group D

Objectives
Determine kinetics of saponification of ethyl acetate via initial slope method Calculate conversion of sodium hydroxide
3 2 2 5 + 2 5 + 3 2

Citation: [1]

Saponification
Normally converts an ester to a soap Strong bases can be used to break ester linkage

OH- Na+ Ethyl Acetate Citation: [1], [3], [4]

Sodium Hydroxide

Reaction Rates
Homogeneous reaction rates 1 = ( ) For consumption of sodium hydroxide in saponification reaction = 3225

Through experimentation find k, x, and y Not an elementary reaction

Citation: [2]

Experimental Methods
Combine sodium hydroxide with ethyl acetate and water for reaction mixture Track NaOH consumption with conductivity meter Conductivity of solution
= 0.195 1 + 0.0184 294

32

= + 32 = 0.195 1 + 0.0184 294 = 0.070 1 + 0.0284 294

+ 0.070 1 + 0.0284 294

32

0,

Experimental Methods
Two different sets of experiments to determine effect of sodium hydroxide and ethyl acetate
Table 1 Amount of sodium hydroxide and ethyl acetate added for each trial.
Experiment Aa Ab Ac Ba Bb Bc NaOH (M) EtAc (M) 0.1 0.05 0.025 0.1 0.05 0.025 NaOH (mL)
0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.3 8 4 2 8 4 2

EtAc (mL)
16 16 16 48 48 48

Water (mL) 56 60 62 24 28 30

Ran three trials of each experiment

Experimental Methods
Calibrated conductivity probe each day Began by mixing sodium hydroxide and water Added ethyl acetate, and let stir until conductivity leveled
Conductivity

Time

Results: Initial Rates

0.12 Concentration of NaOH (mol/L) Concentration of NaOH (mol/L) 0.1 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0 0 100 200 300 400 Time (s) 500 600 700 800 0.1100 0.1080 0.1060 0.1040 0.1020 0.1000 0.0980 0.0960 0 10 20 Time (s) 30 40 50 y = -0.001x + 0.1445 R = 0.9871

Experiment Aa1: Concentration of NaOH vs. Time with Initial Rate

Experiment Aa1: Initial Rate Derivation

Calculate approximate initial reaction rate by taking a linear regression of the first 20 data points Use the ratios of initial rates and initial concentrations to find the exponents of the rate equation Use the initial rates, concentrations, and exponents to find the rate constant

Results: Rate Equation

Check the validity of our rate equation by plotting it against the experimental reaction rate Checking it at only one set of concentrations wont be enough
0.0025

0.0020

0.0015 Rate (mol/L s)

0.0010

0.0005

0.0000 0.0000 -0.0005

0.0100

0.0200

0.0300

0.0400

0.0500

0.0600

Concentration of NaOH (mol/L)

Experiment Bb1: Reaction Rate of NaOH vs. Concentration of NaOH

[NaOH]
0.0040 0.0035 0.0030 0.0025

[EtAc] = 0.3 M
0.004 0.0035 0.003 0.0025 0.002 0.0015 0.001 0.0005 0 0.0200 0.0400 0.0600 0.0800 0.1000 0.1200 -0.0005 0 0.0025 0.0020 0.0015 0.0010 0.0005 0.0000 0.0000 -0.0005 0.0010 0.0008 0.0006 0.0004 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 -0.0002

[EtAc] = 0.1 M

0.100 M

0.0020 0.0015 0.0010 0.0005 0.0000 0.0000 -0.0005 0.0025 0.0020 0.0015

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0.12

0.050 M

0.0010 0.0005 0.0000 0.0000 -0.0005 0.001 0.0008 0.0006

0.0100

0.0200

0.0300

0.0400

0.0500

0.0600

0.0100

0.0200

0.0300

0.0400

0.0500

0.0600

0.025 M

0.0004 0.0002 0

0
-0.0002

0.005

0.01

0.015

0.02

0.0050

0.0100

0.0150

0.0200

0.0250

Results: Conversion
100.05% Conversion of NaOH (%) Conversion of NaOH (%) 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 100.00% 99.95% 99.90% 99.85% 99.80% Initial Concentration of NaOH (mol/L) 100.05% 100.00% 99.95% 99.90% 99.85% 99.80% 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 Initial Concentration of NaOH (mol/L)

Experiments Aa, Ab, and Ac: Conversion of NaOH vs. Concentration of NaOH

Experiments Ba, Bb, and Bc: Conversion of NaOH vs. Concentration of NaOH

According to Le Chatelier's principle, we expect the excess EtAc in experiments Ab, Ac, Bb, and Bc to drive the equilibrium towards higher conversion We only see this trend in experiments Aa, Ab, and Ac (on left), but the differences between conversions are not significant

Discussion Results
Addition of Sodium Hydroxide and Ethyl Acetate at different concentrations
Determine the conversion of NaOH Determine the rate equation

Found the rate equation with confidence intervals to be :

Discussion Error and Suggestions

Software would stop after a period of time
Hit Ctrl + T to extend the time so that it doesnt stop during your run If it stops suggest to repeat that part of the experiment

Contamination in water
Wash out mixing beaker each experiment and use clean DI water to wash off the probes each time

Calibration of probes
Make sure to calibrate each lab period

Reach Steady-State
Allow experiment to run to completion do not stop when it starts to level out but let it run its course

Conclusion
This experiment allowed us to understand the importance of saponification and how to apply the same principles in industry Best conversion of NaOH with the confidence interval 99.97% +/- 0.07% was observed in part Bc. In this experiment we we used 2 (mL) NaOH (0.025M), 48 (mL) EtAc (0.3M), and 30 (mL) Water.

References
1. Angelopoulos, A. P. Saponification Kinetics of Ethyl Acetate. Rep. Cincinnati: University of Cincinnati, 2013. Print. Levenspiel, O. (1972). Chemical Reactoin Engineering: Second Edition. New York: John Wiley & Sons, INC. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/Ethyl_acetate2.p ng http://www.colby.edu/chemistry/PChem/lab/KineticsEster.pdf

2. 3. 4.