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Characteristics of Wastewater Treatment Sludge

By Ricardo B. Jacquez Professor CA ! "e#artment $%S&


Assistant' %aung %yint

(m#ortant Relations for Sludge Calculations


Wf Ws Wv = + Ss Sf Sv

Ws ) weight of the dry solids Wf ) weight of the fi*ed solids W+ ) weight of the +olatile solids Ss = specific gravity of dry solids Sf ) s#ecific gra+ity of fi*ed solids ,-../ S+ ) s#ecific gra+ity of +olatile solids ,0.-/

Sludge volume = V

V =

Ws % solid r S wet .sludge 100

Ws) weight of dry solid 1l2 or gm3 r ) unit weight of water ) 4-.5 l26ft7 ) 0888 9g6m7 Swet.sludge ) s#ecific gra+ity of wet sludge

Sources of wastewater sludge


: Primary clarifier : Secondary clarifiers' acti+ated sludge 2io;towers

Ty#ical domestic wastewater sludge< Ws)0 Wf=0.3 Sf)-.. Wf Ws Wv = + Ss Sf Sv 1 0 .3 0.7 = + Ss 2 .5 1 .2 S s =1.42

Wv=0.7 S+)0.-

Ty#ical sludge has =4..> water< 7..> solid< and s#ecific gra+ity of solid)0.5-. "etermine the s#ecific gra+ity of ty#ical wet sludge?

S wet .sludge = S wet .sludge

( % water / Sw) + ( % solid in sludge / Ss )

% water + % solid in sludge

96.5 + 3.5 = = 1.01 = 1.0 ( 96.5 / 1) + ( 3.5 / 1.42)

Primary clarifier solids


%#)! @ 1% "3 SS 1mg6A3 B.75 1l26% ,mg6A/3 %# ) mass of #rimary solids< 1l26day3 ! ) efficiency of #rimary clarifier ,see Cig/ SS ) sus#ended solid concentration in influent 1mg6A3 @ ) flow rate 1% "3

,from Pea+y< Rowe< and Tcho2anoglous< 0=B.< #. --B/

Secondary clarifier solids


%s)D@1% "3 BE"R 1mg6A3 B.751l26% %s)mass of secondary solids 1l26day3 D )yield coefficient ,see Cig. .;7F/ BE"R)BE" remo+ed 1mg6A3 @ ) flow rate 1% "3 mg6A3

Golume of sludge
MP +MS V = (% solid / 100) r S wet .sludge MP +MS V = (100 % water / 100) r S wet .sludge V = volume of sludge [ gal / day ] r = unit weight of water [8.34 lb / gal ] S wet .sludge = specific gravity of wet sludge

Ty#ical solids content of sludge Ty#e of sludge Se#arate Primary sludge Tric9ling;filter sludge Acti+ated sludge Pure E- sludge Com2ined Primary and tric9ling; filter sludge Primary and modified;aeration Primary and air; 7;4 7;5 F;= B.7 ; 00.4 -.. ; ... 5;F 8.. ; 0.8.B ; 7 B ; 08 F;= -.. ; 7.7 -.. ; = Sludge concentration > &n;thic9ened Thic9ened

!*. Reduction of +olume 2y sludge thic9ening A wastewater;treatment #lant consists of #rimary treatment units followed 2y an acti+ated;sludge secondary system. The #rimary and secondary sludges are mi*ed< thic9ened in a gra+ity thic9ener< and sent to further treatment. A schematic of the system is shown in the ne*t slide. (nfluent SS)-88mg6A Primary sludge ).> (nfluent BE")--.mg6A !ffluent BE")-8mg6A Thic9ened sludge)5> Clow @ ) . % " Secondary sludge)8.F.>

Primary clarifier diameter ) B- ft Aeration +olume ) 08-<588 cft ) F44<0B8 gal

(nfluent

Primary clarifier

Aeration

Secondary clarifier

Sludge return Aiquid Return Thic9ener Thic9ened sludge to sludge;treatment facilities

0. %ass and +olume of #rimary sludge a/ area of #rimary clarifier ) A ) 7.05 " -65 A ) 7.05 ,B- ft/- 6 5 ) .<-B7 ft2/ o+erflow rate ) @6A ) ..8 * 0846.-B7 ft)=.8 g#d6ft- ,5- m6s/ c/ from Cig. .;07< the efficiency of clarifier is !ss ) .B> !BE" ) 7-> d/ mass of #rimary solids remo+ed is %# %#)!ss @ SS )8..B,. % "/,-88 mg6A/,B.75l26% mg6A/

e/ +olume of #rimary sludge

MP V= (% solid / 100) r S wet .sludge V= 4,840 lb / d (5 / 100) ( 8.34lb / gal ) (1.0)

V = 11,600 gal / day

-. %ass of secondary solids


B D applied / day F = M sludge mass 5MGD (1 0.32 ) ( 225mg / L ) F = = 0.29 M 0.766 MG (3500mg / L )

2/ from Cig. 07.0 ,te*t< #g 4.0/< D)8.5B c/ mass of secondary solid %s %s)D BE". @ )8.5B,.% "/077mg6A,B.75l26% %s ) -<448 l26day mg6A/

d/ +olume of secondary sludge


Ms V = (% solid / 100) r S wet .sludge V = 2,660 lb / d (0.75 / 100) ( 8.34lb / gal ) (1.0)

V = 42,600 gal / day

7a. Total mass of solids %T) 5<B58 H -<448 72. Total +olume of sluge GT) 00<488H 5-<488

%T)%# H%s ) F<.88 l26day GT )G# HGs ) .5<-88 gal6d

5a/ mass of solids sent to sludge treatment $eglect the solids in the thic9ener su#ernatant< the mass of solids in the thic9ened sludge is equal to F<.88 l26day. 52/ +olume of thic9ened sludge
M thic!ened V = (% solid / 100) r S thic!ened .sludge V = 7,500 lb / d ( 4 / 100) ( 8.34lb / gal ) (1.0)

V = 22,500 gal / day

.. Golume reduction ,>/ 2y thic9ening

V" Vthic!ened volume reduction = 100 V" 54,200 22,500 volume reduction = 100 = 58% 54,200

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