Biological process control by visual index

SEP. 2003

SAMNEUNG CONSTRUCTIONS CO.,LTD

Operation & maintenance manual

Biological unit operations
visual test for operation Sludge volume index(SVI)

Definition : this is a index of settlement of activated sludge The range of good settlement (SVI) is 80 to 120 Test method : 1) test SV30 (%) . 2) test MLSS Calculation : SVI(mg/L) = [SV30(%) / MLSS(mg/L)] x 10000 If SVI is above 120mg/L, the activated sludge may be bulking sludge.

SV30(%) test method :

fill up to 1 L point line with the wastewater taken out of last aeration pond read sludge volume at 30 minute since started settling

Prepare I L mess cylinder

Setting for 30 minute

1. Loading Criteria.
the food-to-microorganism ratio (F/M) F/M = So Q -----V -X

where F/M = So = Q = V = X =

food-to-microorganism ratio, d-1 influent BOD or COD concentration, mg/L influent wastewater flow rate, m3/d aeration tank volume, m3 concentration of volatile suspended solids(MLVSS) in the aeration tank, mg/L

Normal operation range of F/M is 0.1-0.4. Design F/M ratio including the sludge attached to media is 0.35. But F/M ratio excluding the attached biosludge is about 0.2. operators should find out how much optimum F/M ratio is in case of their hospital because the F/M ratio is different according to wastewater characters. Return sludge flow rate Above F/M formula, F/M can be controlled by X because So, and Q are usually constant, and V is fixed. X is also controlled by the return sludge as shown in next formula.

X=

XR QR ------Q + QR

--(1)

or

QR =

XQ ------XR - X

---(2)

QR/Q =

X ------XR - X

---(3)

where X = concentration of volatile suspended solids(MLVSS) in the aeration tank, mg/L XR = concentration of return sludge, mg/L The concentration of return sludge is 8000-10000mg/L in normal operation condition. QR = return sludge flow rate, m3/d Q = influent wastewater flow rate, m3/d Above formula (1), if Q is constant, X is controlled by return sludge Return sludge can be calculated by formula (2). The ratio of QR/Q is usually 30 50 %

Example MLSS is 2500mg/L in laboratory test. Influent BOD5 is 200mg/L. influent flow rate is 200 m3/day. Te volume of aeration basin(FBBR) is 50 m3. Calculate F/M ratio. Solution F/M = So Q ------ -- = V X = 0.16 200mg/L x 100m3/day ------ -- ------------------------------- = 300 m3 x 3000mg/L 200mg/L x 100m3/day ------ -- -------------------------- = 50 m3 x 2500mg/L

Sludge retention time (SRT)

VX SRT =
------------

Qw Xw+ Qe Xe
Where SRT = mean cell-residence time based on the aeration tank volume, d V= aeration tank volume, m3 X= concentration of volatile suspended solid in the aeration tank, mg/L Qw = waste sludge flow rate, m3/d Xw= concentration of volatile suspended solids in the waste sludge, mg/L Qe = treated effluent flow rate, m3/d Xe= concentration of volatile suspended solids in the treated effluent, mg/L Normal operation range of SRT is 3-4,

Operation & maintenance manual

Biological unit operations
settling test with cylinder

C Rising sludge by nitrification : no settling again after patting cylinder with wood bar

A No full growth of sludge

B Small size dispersed floc

After 30mine Sludge rising after 30mine

D Rising sludge by over aeration : resettling again after patting cylinder with wood bar

Sludge color is dark

brown color foam

floated oil No clean Very small size floc

A little clean
Small sludge H Pin floc I Over oxidized sludge by high DO

E Rising sludge by spoilage sludge

F Rising sludge by fungi

G Rising sludge by oil

No settle. Ph: 5-6, High turbidity No settle. Ph: 6-8

mold, yeast

J deflocculation

K Bulking sludge by filamentous bacteria

L Bulking sludge by mold, yeast,

M Bulking by high viscosity matters

N Bulking by zoogloea

Control process by visual index

Bulking sludge by filamentous bacteria. SV30 is high

Control process by visual index

Normal operation state in bioreactor.

Control process by visual index

Foaming by surfactant

Control process by visual index

Forming by nondegradable matters in buffer basin.

Control process by visual index

Forming by nonbiodegradable matters in bio reactor.

Control process by visual index

Foaming by surfactant`

Control process by visual index

Foaming by high concentration protein in buffer basin

Control process by visual index

Foaming by high concentration protein in bio reactor

Control process by visual index

Foaming by high concentration suspended solids in bio reactor

Control process by visual index

Foaming by fungi in bio reactor

Control process by visual index

Foaming by fungi plus fat oil in bio reactor

Control process by visual index

Foaming by fungi when aeration was stopped in bio reactor

Control process by visual index

Foaming by fungi in VNOTCH

Control process by visual index

Foaming in return sludge line

Control process by visual index

Foaming by fungi in bio reactor. The foam is overflowing from bio reactor

Control process by visual index

Foaming by fungi. Turbidity is very low.

Control process by visual index

Foaming by fungi in bio reactor. The form cover all surface of bio reactor

Control process by visual index

Foaming by fungi or Thiothrix in bio reactor.

Control process by visual index

Foaming by fungi or Thiothrix. The sludge didnt be settled after 24 hours

Control process by visual index

Foaming by fungi or Thiothrix. The sludge didnt be settled after 24 hours. Scum is dark color.

Control process by visual index

Foaming by high viscosity matters

Control process by visual index

The sludge can not make bio flocculation by cause of high F/M ratio in bio reactor

Control process by visual index

The sludge was broken by cause of high DO and low F/M ratio in bio reactor

Control process by visual index

The sludge was floated to the surface of settling basin by cause of denitrification.