Media as an a presentation tool.

Arlinah I.R Arlinah@petra.ac.id

Petra Christian University August 2008

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Contents
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Instructional Media : what and why ? Types of Media Things to consider in Choosing Media for teaching Design tips Presentation tips

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1. What is Presentation Media ?

Media

Message

presentation Methods
SOURCE: Heinich, Robert. Instructional Media.
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Why using Media?

convinced Study Results Memory 43 % (UNIV OF MINNESOTA) 200 % (UNIV OF WISCONSIN) 38 % (HARVARD & COLUMBIA)

Time to explain complex subjects 25 40 % (WHARTON SCHOOL OF BUSINESS)

SOURCE: Peoples, David A. Presentations plus
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Why Using Media?

Words

Hoban & Zissman : Relation between Media and degree of Realism from Media

Diagram Maps Flat pictures Slides Stereographs Films Models Objects

SOURCE: Heinich, Robert. Instructional Media.

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concreteness

Total situation
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Dales Cone of Experience

Jerome Bruner s Theory of Instruction : learning starts from direct/real learning experiences (enactive) -> representative experiences (ionic) -> symbol (abstract)
SOURCE: Heinich, Robert. Instructional Media

Verbal symbols Visual symbols

abstract

Recordings, radio, still pictures Motion pictures television exhibits Field trips demonstrations Dramatized experiments Contrived experiments Direct purposeful experiments
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iconic

enactive

Why Using Media?

o Increasing understanding, focus, memory, stimulation
o o o o

(visualization of concept: abstract -> concrete ) Emphasizing important points Bringing the world into meeting place Efficiency in presentation more interesting (humor, pictures )->interest/intrinsic motivation

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Why Using Media?

More prepared, more professional communication anytime from anywhere Encouraging/stimulating independent learning, communication, people responses/feedbacks Easy documentation Etc.

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2. Types of Media
Economical (materials, preparation) informal environment, flexible arrangement of seats real time presentation Interactive, participative, spontaneous Easy to change contents Needs Lighting Needs skills to write/draw Difficult to save less Eye contacts small groups
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1. Display Format : board, Flipchart

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2. Types of Media
informal/flexible seat arrangement real time presentation Interactive, participative, spontaneous light on eye contact group -> individual learning

2. Non Projected Visual : print, picture, chart, Model, real object

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relatively expensive (object) small group relatively difficult to change/restructured

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2. Types of Media
Relatively economical (material, preparation
Small -> large group real time preparation/presentation Interactive, participative, spontaneous

3. Light on Projected Easy to prepare, carry, save, control, reuse, Visuals: print, Transparan Eye -contact cy
Relatively expensive (tools) Need skills to operate
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2. Types of Media
Small group ->large Real pictures reusable controlled Group learning -> individual 4. Projected Visuals: Slide, Film-strip, film lights off unchangeable Relatively expensive (tools) Need skills to operate/make One way/not interactive
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2. Types of Media
small group ->large Interactive, participative, spontaneous lights on group learning ->individual learning sounds controlled fixed seat arrangement (lab) unchangeable Relatively expensive (tools) Need skills to operate /make
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5. Audio : cassette, CD, audio tape, recordings

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2. Types of Media
Lights on (except film) Real world Small group-> large prepared Group learning ->individual Sound, picture, movement 6. Video/Films: (entertaining) Film, Video, VCD, Relatively expensive DVD Needs skills to operate/to make unchangeable One way/not interactive
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2. Types of Media
Lights on Real world large group-> large Group learning ->individual Sound, picture, movement Current information
Relatively expensive Lack of eye-contacts One way/not interactive Not available anytime Uncontrolled/unchangeable
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7. Electronic Distribution systems: Radio, Television

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2. Types of Media
Changeable/renewable Texts, pictures, sound, animation easy to keep/carry Hyperlink Interactive (internet, CAD) Limitless access (internet-based) Group learning _> individual
Relatively expensive Needs skills to make/operate Internet access
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8. Computerbased Media: Power Point, Email, Millis, Web-based, CAD, Videoteleconference

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2. Types of Media
Changeable/renewable Texts, pictures, sound, animation easy to keep/carry Hyperlink (CD-Rom) Interactive (internet, CAD, CD-Rom) Limitless access (internet-based) Group learning _> individual Relatively expensive Needs skills to make/operate Internet access
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9. Multimedia : Sound-Slides, CD-Rom, internet

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3. Things to consider in choosing Media

Objectives (awareness, comprehension, mastery of cognitive, analysis, application, psychomotor, affective ) participants (age, education level, learning styles, skills) Setting arrangement (number of students , location, seats) atmosphere (informal, formal etc.) resources (equipments, budget, time) instructors (skills, experiences, presentation styles, methods)

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4. Design Tips
Clear (readable, systematic ) Short, simple Consistent (term, layout, font size, font type, color, icon) Esthetics

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4. Design Tips : Esthetics

1-2 font type in 1 page Font type: Times Roman; Ariel Font Size :24 (as much as possible) Not all words using capital letters Using unfinished sentences Using active sentences Principle of 7x7 (words in a line x lines in a page )

Text

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4. Design Tips : Esthetics

2-3 in a page background: white, light color text: black, dark different color to emphasize, differentiate, create emotion etc.

Color

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4. Design Tips : Esthetics

not crowded unity systematic 1 page -> 1 topic picture not > 3 (small) per page background not mixed with texts pictures arrangement

Composition/ layout

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4. Design Tips : Pictures Arrangement

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4. Design Tips : Pictures Arrangement

41%

20%

25%

14%

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5. Presentation Tips : strong area

2
3

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5. Presentation Tips : Posture Position

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5. Presentation Tips :Body Movement

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Reference
Fox, Robert. Universities In Knowledge-Based Economies: The Challenge for Change. The 1st International Conference on Capacity Building for Information Technology in Teaching and Learning. Hongkong, June 1- 4, 2005. Heinich, Robert. Instructional Media: and The New Technologies of Instruction. New York: Macmillan, 1990 Peoples, David A. Presentations Plus. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1992 Table: Media Selection Examples http://adulted.about.com/library/weekly/tmtable.pdf http://www.inherent-dikti.net/ http://luk.staff.ugm.ac.id/ http://puslit2.petra.ac.id/~resmana/cisco/

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A good aid is like a window, it should not call attention to itself, it should just let in the light.
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