TOXIC

Created By : Dede Pratama Saputra Kania Rizki Dwi Arini Rizki Maharani Putri Zuliansyah Arman KC12 Drs. Risnawati, M.Pd. State Polytechnic Of Sriwijaya

Toxic is a chemical substances can cause dangers to human health or cause death when absorbed into the body because swallowed, via respiratory or via contact skin. In general, toxic substances enter through the respiratory or skin and then circulate throughout the body or to the organs of the body. These substances can directly disturbing particular body organs such as the liver, the lung, and others. But can also these substances accumulate in the bones, blood, liver, or lymph fluid and produce longterm effects on health. Spending toxic substances from the body can pass urine, the digestive line, efitel cell and sweat.

Factors That Determine The Level Of Toxicity

Physical properties of chemicals Dose (concentration) Duration of Exposure time Chemical interactions Distribution

Placement of toxic substances

Should be stored in a cool room, no ventilation, away from fire hazards and incompatible materials (not mixed). Heat can cause a toxic substance decomposes so these substances should be stored away from direct sunlight and away from heat sources.

TOXICITY SYMPTOMS
Nonspecific symptoms : Dizziness, nausea, vomiting, shaking, weak body, view dizzy, difficulty sleeping, decreased appetite, difficulty concentrating, and others. The specific symptoms : shortness of breath, vomiting, stomachache, diarrhea, cramps, stomach cramps, mental disorders, paralysis, impaired vision, excessive salivation, muscle pain, coma, seizures, and others.

Example and effects of toxic substances

type of Toxic Substances

Example of Toxic Substances

Phosphorus, Arsenic, Chrome, Cadmium, Pb (PbCO3), Hg (organic and inorganic):

effects of toxic substances

Neural, kidney and blood The nerves and kidneys , Liver, kidney and blood , Cancer, Irritation of cancer, Dizziness, coma Liver and kidney, Nerve center, leukemia, the digestive line or kidneys, liver, tum Shortness of breath, lack of oxygen, Dizziness, shortness of breath, convulsions, fainting heart, the lung, central nervous,, blood, Lungs, urinary bladder Leukemia Dizziness, convulsions, loss of, death , Awareness

Metal / metalloid

Solvent

Glycol Alcohol (ethanol, methanol) , Halogen hydrocarbons (chloroform, CCl4), Aliphatic hydrocarbons (gasoline, kerosene) N2, argon, helium , Acid cyanide (HCN), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), Carbon monoxide (CO), Nitrogen Oxides Benzene, Asbest, Bensidin, Chrome, Naftilamin , inyl chloride Organochlorines Organophosphat

Toxic gas

Carcinogenic

Pesticide

The workings of the poison

Toxins that enter the body will poison the mechanism of action as follows:

Affect the working of enzymes / hormones. Enzymes and hormones are composed of a protein complex in its need for activator or cofactor that is usually in the form of vitamins. Materials toxins that enter the body can deactivate activator, so that enzymes or hormones can not work or direct non-active.
Toxins enter and react with cells that would inhibit or affect the functioning of the cell, for example gas CO, inhibits the hemoglobin to binding, or carry oxygen. Destroy tissue causing histamine and serotonine. This will cause an allergic reaction; are also sometimes happens that a new compound is more toxic.

PREVENTION EFFORTS
1. Management hazard control program, in the form of planning, organization, control, equipment, and etc. 2. The use of personal protective equipment (masks, goggles, special clothing, skin creams, shoes, etc.) 3. Good ventilation. 4. Maintenance, maintenance both in the production process, control, and etc. 5. Creating labels and signs warning against hazards. 6. Completion of production : Eliminate sources of danger in the process of production, and the production design is based on safety and health.

7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.

14. 15.
16. 17.

Control / elimination of dust, by installing a dust collector at each stage of production that generates dust. Isolation, which is dangerous work process is isolated. Practical Operations : Inspection of safety and occupational health, and occupational health and safety analysis. Administrative control, a healthy work of administration, reduced hours of exposure. Education, namely health education, job training problem handling toxic chemicals. Monitoring the work environment, and the surplus is to do the analysis. Initial medical examination, periodic, special, and screening, as well as biological monitoring (blood, feces, urine, and etc). House keeping, is good housekeeping, cleanliness, neatness, control. Sanitation, namely in terms of personal hygiene, showers, clothing, health care facilities, disinfectants, and etc. Elimination, removal of the source of danger. Enclosing, addressing sources of danger.

Types of Personal Protective Equipment

respiratory protection

Hand Protection

body Protection

Foot Protection

How to avoid chemicals entering the respiratory tract:

Working with wind direction from the workers to the emission source. Handling in a special room or fume hood.
.

Wear a mask or respirator protective equipment appropriate

Ventilated workspace.

mixing

stirring

heating

moving