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Organelles - Synthesis
Regulated
Materials to be secreted are stored in large, densely packed, membrane-bound secretory granules Discharged following specific stimulus Examples: endocrine cells, acinar cells, nerve cells
Protein Synthesis and Transport within the Cell The Endomembrane System
Autoradiography
Cells overlayed with photographic film Exposed to radioisotopes in the sample Radiolabeled aa
Protein Synthesis and Transport within the Cell The Endomembrane System
Autoradiography
Tissues washed and transferred to unlabelled aa pulse-chase
Protein Synthesis and Transport within the Cell The Endomembrane System
Biochemical analysis of subcellular fractions
Technique to homogenize cells
Cytoplasmic membranes fragmented and form vesicles Types separated using cell fractionation ER and Golgi form microsomes Fractioned into rough and smooth
Composition of luminal or cisternal space unique RER ribosomes bound to cytosolic surface SER no ribosomes RER & SER many complex differences
SER
Tubular Interconnecting pipelines
Protein Synthesis and Transport within the Cell RER functions Protein Synthesis
Begins after a messenger RNA binds to a free ribosome
Protein Synthesis and Transport within the Cell RER functions Protein Synthesis
Other points to note
Interaction between signal sequence and SRP a key step SRP is the tag enables specific binding of the complex to the ER Binding through at least two interactions
SRP SRP receptor Ribosome and translocon
Following binding
Nascent peptide released from SRP Inserted into translocon
On termination
Ribsome released Translocon channel reverts to narrow conformation
Protein Synthesis and Transport within the Cell RER functions Protein Synthesis
Protein Synthesis and Transport within the Cell RER functions Processing of proteins
Polypeptide is moved from the translocon to the cisterna
Enzymes in the membrane
Signal peptide removed signal peptidase Carbohydrates added oligosaccharyltransferase
Protein Synthesis and Transport within the Cell RER functions Processing of proteins
In the lumen
Molecular chaperones BiP (binding protein) Recognize and bind unfolded proteins Aid in attaining native conformation Movement of the protein into the ER lumen Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI)
Protein Synthesis and Transport within the Cell RER functions Processing of proteins
Misfolded proteins
Transported to cytosol Destroyed in proteasomes
Quality control