Substance Use & Abuse

Maria Benitez, Briana Bonner, Kimberly MacDonald

Use and Abuse

Use: Drug consumption that does not meet the criteria for drug abuse Used for socializing and to feel the effects Abuse: long-term, pathological use of alcohol or drugs, characterized by: Daily intoxication Inability to reduce consumption Impairment in social or occupational functioning Use in situations that are physically hazardous Substance related-legal problems Continued use despite of persistent and recurrent social or interpersonal problems caused and exacerbated by the substance

Dependency
Dependency (also addiction): a pattern of use resulting in three or more of these factors in 12 months...

Dependency Factors
Higher tolerance: needing more to get the same effect Having withdrawls Drugs taken in larger amounts and over longer periods of time Unsuccessful effort to control substance use Great deal of time spent obtaining, using, or recovering Activities given up due to use Continued use despite physical or psychological problems

Types of Dependency
Physical Dependency Increases tolerance Tolerance Base Tolerance Ceiling Tolerance Experience withdrawal symptoms without substance

Psychological Dependency
Drug will help cope with reality Problem will go away with use of drug

Mental/emotional reliance on chemicals

Habits are hard to break

Why do some people become addicted to drugs while others do not ?

What are YOU addicted to ?

Types of Addictions
Chemical Includes tobacco, coffee, alcohol, cocaine, heroin ect. Caffeine You can experience withdrawals from caffeine i.e. anxiety, depression, nervousness, headache, and dizziness Food

Eating to release stress, when bored, or as a reward

Exercise Obsession with working out, injuries can occur due to overuse. Feel guilty when they miss a workout

T.V.
Average adult watches 7 hours of TV a day

Who Can Become Addicted?

Family history of abuse/addiction

Being male
Having another psychological problem Peer pressure

Lack of family involvement

Anxiety, depression, or loneliness

Taking a highly addictive drug

Risk-taking personality

Facts

Marijuana
Main ingredient is THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) Can be smoked or ingested Taken in small doses, you get a sedative effect Large doses result in physical and psychic changes

Marijuana
Acute Effects:
Tachycardia
Dryness of mouth Reddening of eyes Enhanced appetite Less coordination Difficulty concentrating Intermittent confusion Impairment of short term memory Amotivational syndrome

Marijuana
Health Risks
Atrophy of brain
Decreased resistance to infectious disease Chronic bronchitis Lung cancer Possibly sterility and impotence

Opioids
Heroin
Injected, smoked, or snorted

Opium
Swallowed or smoked

Opioids
Acute Effects
Euphoria
Drowsiness Impaired coordination

Dizziness
Confusion Nausea

Sedation
Feeling of heaviness in body

Slow or arrested breathing

Opioids
Health Risks
Constipation
Endocarditis

Hepatitis
HIV

Addiction
Fatal overdose

Stimulants
Cocaine
Snorted, smoked, or injected

Methamphetamine
Swallowed, smoked, snorted, injected

Stimulants
Acute Effects
Tachycardia Increased blood pressure, body temperature, and metabolism Feelings of exhilaration Increased energy Mental alertness Tremors Reduced appetite Irritability Anxiety Panic Paranoia Violent Behavior Psychosis

Stimulants
Health Risks
Weight loss
Insomnia Cardiac/Cardiovascular complications

Strokes
Seizures Addiction

Nasal damage from

snorting Severe dental problems Fatal Overdose

Club Drugs
MDMA or Ecstasy
Swallowed, snorted, injected

Flunitrazepam
Swallowed or snorted

GHB (Date Rage Drug)

Swallowed

Club Drugs
Acute Effects
Hallucinogenic effects
Increased Tactile Sensitivity Empathetic feelings Lowered inhibition Anxiety, chills, sweating Teeth clenching Muscle cramping Sedation Muscle relaxation Confusion Memory loss

Club Drugs
Health Risks
Sleep Disturbances
Depression Impaired memory

Hyperthermia
Addiction Unconsciousness

Seizures
Coma Fatal Overdose

Hallucinogens
LSD
Swallowed, absorbed through mouth tissues

Psilocybin
Swallowed

Hallucinogens
Acute Effects
Altered states of perception and feeling
Hallucinations Nausea Increased body temp, heart rate, blood pressure Loss of appetite Sweating Sleeplessness Impulsive behavior Rapid shifts in emotion Nervousness Paranoia

Hallucinogens
Health Risks
Flashbacks
Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder Fatal overdose Heart attack Stroke

Respiratory failure

Tobacco
4,ooo chemicals in cigarette smoke Tar: dark, gummy brown mixture of chemicals containing carcinogenic agents Nicotine: stimulant Carbon Monoxide gas: destroys hemoglobin molecule Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS): Carcinogen Sidestream smoke- smoke from end of a burning cigarette Mainstream smoke- has been filtered either from cigarettes filter or from smokers lung

Tobacco
Acute Effects
Fatigue
Insomnia Diarrhea

Impaired visual acuity

Tobacco
Health Risks
Lung cancer Cardiovascular disease Respiratory problems (emphysema) Reduced life expectancy Lower quality of life Higher rates of acute and chronic disease

For Women
Cervical cancer Double chance of miscarriage Increased risk of melanoma Higher risk for infections

The Helpline
Activity

What Can I Do ?
Communicate your concern Provide information about treatment options Offer your support Talk with an experienced counselor

Intervention
Reduce enabling behaviors

If someone you know is or may be addicted to a drug or alcohol, tell them to seek help and call a local drug helpline. Drug addictions are very serious and should be dealt with at the first sign before its too late.

References
http://www.ncsacw.samhsa.gov/files/SAFERR_AppendixE.pdf http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/drugaddiction/DS00183/DSECTION=risk-factors http://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/nationwide-trends http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/Cholesterol/AboutCholesterol/Go od-vs-Bad-Cholesterol_UCM_305561_Article.jsp

http://www.drugabuse.gov/drugs-abuse/commonly-abused-drugs/commonlyabused-drugs-chart