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Introduction Operational and Regulatory Challenges Design Challenges Examples: Cargo Residues Excessive Loading Rates IMSBC Code
MARPOL Annex V (Garbage) and Cargo Residues Definitions Cargo Residue is defined as garbage in guidelines Cargo hold washing water not defined although interpreted as garbage Requirements Must be discharged when greater than 12 nm from shore Cannot be discharged in a special area Special Areas a Problem Bulk carriers generally not design to handle washing water Adequate port reception facilities for washing water
MARPOL Annex V (Garbage) and Cargo Residues Recent special areas Gulfs Area became effective in August 2008 Mediterranean Area became effective May 2009 Reception Facilities in Special Areas (Gulf and Med) PRF must be in place before special area becomes effective MEPC 59 Intercargo and BIMCO paper Circular issued (MEPC.1/Circ. 675) Next steps Continuation of review of Annex V Possible IMSBC Code reference to discharge requirements?
Can be problematic
Holding tanks Pumps large particles Cargo properties Coatings (PSPC?) Ballast water management systems
Design Issues
Design Issues
Bulk Carrier Loading Rates Terminal requirements Buoyant market queuing optimising loading Ponta da Madeira - Brazil
16 000 t/hr Minimum ballast 14 hr turnaround
85% of masters indicated that they considered such a rate of loading to be beyond the safe operational limits of their vessel:
Manoeuvrability Hull structure Two thirds of respondents stated they had concerns with regard to structural stresses if loading at such a rate.
ABS study
Confirmed many risks
IMSBC Code (formally BC Code) Revised and updated Voluntary from Jan 2009 Mandatory from Jan 2011 New Schedules
DRI Sulphur (formed)
Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) What is it? Iron Ore Pellets subjected to a reducing gas in a reactor Oxygen chemically removed Fe content increased from ~65% to ~85% Pellets then formed cold or hot moulded
What are the dangers? Process is reversible Fe re-oxidises Oxidisation releases energy as heat possible thermal runaway Hydrogen also liberated
IMSBC Code: Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) DRI (A) Briquettes, hot moulded
Monitoring requirements
Do we design bulk carriers around cargoes? Are we ready for a mandatory IMSBC Code?
Conclusions
Operational and Regulatory Challenges Design Challenges
Thank you