Section 9.

1 Points, Lines, Planes, and Angles

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What You Will Learn

Points Lines Planes Angles

9.1-2

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Basic Terms
A point, line, and plane are three basic terms in geometry that are NOT given a formal definition, yet we recognize them when we see them.

9.1-3

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Lines, Rays, Line Segments

A line is a set of points. Any two distinct points determine a unique line. Any point on a line separates the line into three parts: the point and two half lines. A ray is a half line including the endpoint. A line segment is part of a line between two points, including the endpoints.
9.1-4

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Basic Terms
Description Line AB Ray AB
A A A B

Diagram
A B

Symbol

AB AB
BA
AB

B B

Ray BA
Line segment AB

9.1-5

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Plane
We can think of a plane as a twodimensional surface that extends infinitely in both directions. Any three points that are not on the same line (noncollinear points) determine a unique plane.

9.1-6

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Plane
Two lines in the same plane that do not intersect are called parallel lines.

9.1-7

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Plane
A line in a plane divides the plane into three parts, the line and two half planes.

9.1-8

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Plane
Any line and a point not on the line determine a unique plane. The intersection of two distinct, non-parallel planes is a line.

9.1-9

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Plane
Two planes that do not intersect are said to be parallel planes.

9.1-10

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Angles
An angle is the union of two rays with a common endpoint; denoted .

9.1-11

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Angles
The vertex is the point common to both rays. The sides are the rays that make the angle. There are several ways to name an angle:
ABC, CBA, B

9.1-12

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Angles
The measure of an angle is the amount of rotation from its initial to its terminal side. Angles can be measured in degrees, radians, or gradients.

9.1-13

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Angles
Angles are classified by their degree measurement. Right Angle is 90 Acute Angle is less than 90 Obtuse Angle is greater than 90 but less than 180 Straight Angle is 180

9.1-14

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Angles

9.1-15

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Types of Angles
Adjacent Angles - angles that have a common vertex and a common side but no common interior points. Complementary Angles - two angles whose sum of their measures is 90 degrees. Supplementary Angles - two angles whose sum of their measures is 180 degrees.
9.1-16

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Example 3: Determining Complementary Angles

In the figure, we see that RABC 28. RABC & RCBD are complementary angles. Determine mRCBD.

9.1-17

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Example 3: Determining Complementary Angles

Solution

mRABC mRCBD 90 28 mRCBD 90 mRCBD 90 28 62

9.1-18

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Example 3: Determining Supplementary Angles

In the figure, we see that RABC 28. RABC & RCBE are supplementary angles. Determine mRCBE.

9.1-19

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Example 3: Determining Supplementary Angles

Solution

mRABC mRCBE 180 28 mRCBE 180 mRCBE 180 28 152

9.1-20

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Definitions
When two straight lines intersect, the nonadjacent angles formed are called Vertical angles. Vertical angles have the same measure.

9.1-21

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Definitions
A line that intersects two different lines, at two different points is called a transversal.

9.1-22

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Definitions
Special names are given to the angles formed by a transversal crossing two parallel lines.

9.1-23

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Special Names
Alternate interior angles 3 & 6; 4 & 5 Alternate exterior angles 1 & 8; 2 & 7 Corresponding angles 1 & 5, 2 & 6, 3 & 7, 4 & 8
9.1-24

Interior angles on the opposite side of the transversalhave the same measure Exterior angles on the opposite sides of the transversalhave the same measure One interior and one exterior angle on the same side of the transversalhave the same measure
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1 3 5 6 7 8 1 3 5 6 7 8 1 3 5 6 7 8 4

2 4

2 4

Parallel Lines Cut by a Transversal

When two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, 1. alternate interior angles have the same measure. 2. alternate exterior angles have the same measure. 3. corresponding angles have the same measure.
9.1-25

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Example 6: Determining Angle Measures

The figure shows two parallel lines cut by a transversal. Determine the measure of R1 through R7 .
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Solution R8 & R6 vertical angles R6 49 R5 131 R8 & R5 supplementary angles R5 & R7 vertical angles R7 131

Example 6: Determining Angle Measures

9.1-27

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Solution R1 131 R1 & R7 alternate exterior R 4 49 R 4 & R6 alternate interior R2 49 R6 & R2 corresponding angles R3 & R1 vertical angles R3 131

Example 6: Determining Angle Measures

9.1-28

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