PASSIVE CAUSATIVE PASSIVE

Active Present Simple (nuolat) Present Continuous (dabar) Past Simple (praeityje, nuolat) Past Continuous (praeityje, btent tuo metu) Present Perfect Simple (rezultatas; be tikslaus laiko) Past Perfect Simple (senai, prie kit The workers build the house. The workers are building the house. The workers built the house. The workers were building the house.

Passive The house is built by the workers. The house is being built by the workers. The house was built by the workers. The house was being built by the workers.

The workers have built the house.

The house has been built by the workers.

The workers had built the The house had been built by house. the workers.

Future Simple (vyks)

The workers will build the house.

The house will be built by the workers.

Future Perfect Simple (by the time)

Conditionals (bt)

The workers will have built the house.

The workers would build the house. The workers must build the house.

The house will have been built by the workers.

The house would be built by the workers. The house must be built by the workers.

Modals

Perfect Infinitive

The workers must have The house must have built the house. been built by the workers. I insisted on them mending the watch. I insisted on the watch being mended built by the workers.

-ing form

Future Simple

The workers will build the house.

The house will be built by the workers.

Present Perfect Continuous, Future continuous, Future Perfect Continuous, Past perfect continuous Passive laike nenaudojami (juos pakeiia Simple laikas).

nekamojoje kalboje vietoje be danai vartojamas get:

Present Simple
Present Continuous Past Simple Past Continuous Present Perfect Simple

Alex gets hit by the stone.

Alex is getting hit by the stone. Alex got hit by the stone. Alex was getting hit by the stone. Alex has BEEN hit by the stone. (kitaip bt has got turi)

Past Perfect Simple

Alex had been hit by the stone. (kitaip bt had got turjo)
Alex will get hit by the stone. Alex would get hit by the stone. Alex must get hit by the stone.

Future Simple Conditionals Modals

- Neveikiamoji ris naudojama, kai neinoma, kas atlieka veiksm arba tai nesvarbu. - Kai veiksmas svarbesnis u jo atlikj, pvz. The new hospital was opened (danai iniasklaidoje). - Kai pabriame veiksmo atlikj, e. g. The house was built by my father in 1998. - Oficialioje kalboje; mandagiau.

Kai veiksm atlieka someone..., he, she...., daniausiai neveikiamojoje ryje tas odis praleidiamas. O jei sakome, tada keiiasi vardio linksnis: The letter was written by me/you/him/her/it/us/them

BY/WITH
Kai sakome, kas atlieka veiksm, naudojame prielinksn BY. Bet jei veiksmo atlikjas instrumentas, prietaisas, mediaga, ingredientas, vietoj by naudojame WITH (The omelette was made with eggs); taip pat po odi coloured with / crowded with / filled with / packed with

Su odiais give, offer, tell, etc. Passive gali bti dviej ri:
- Kevin was told a secret by Mary. - A secret was told to Kevin by Mary.

e. g. The radio was turned OFF by David.

Prielinksnis eina ikart po veiksma. ACCUSE OF, SPEAK TO, BREAK INTO...

LET be ALLOWED to
She let us watch TV. We were allowed to watch TV.

QUESTIONS
Klausimai sudaromi tokiu paiu bdu, tik, kaip ir visuose klausimuiose, is, are, was, were, have, has, had, will... ikeliamas priek, e. g. Has Anne walked the dog? Has the dog been walked by Anne?

Kai klausimas prasideda WHO/WHAT, negalima praleisti BY: e. g. Who painted the fence? Who was the fence painted by?

 Hear, help, see, make: - They heard her call for help (Active) - She was heard to call for help (Passive) BUT - They saw him swimming (Active) - He was seen swimming (Passive)

Personal/Impersonal Construction think, believe, say, report, know, expect, consider, understand, etc.
Active People say that he has won the lottery. Passive a) It is said (that) he has won the lottery. (impersonal) b) He is said to have won the lottery. (personal) Abu sakiniai reikia: Sakoma, kad...

Active People expect that Sue will break the world record. Passive a) It is expected (that) Sue will break the world record. (impersonal) - Tikimasi, kad... b) Sue is expected to break the world record. (personal) - Tikimasi, kad Active People believe that he sold the painting. Passive a) It is believed (that) he sold the painting. (impersonal) - Tikima, kad b) He is believed to have sold the painting. (personal) - Tikima, kad

I have my hair cut. Man nukirpti plaukai (neveik. ris) Panau Passive, tik odi tvarka susikeiia: 1.Kam veiksmas atliekamas (I vardininkas), 2. have (nekam. k. get); keiiasi veiksma. laikai 3. kas yra keiiama (hair), 4. VIII (-ed arba III stulpelis)

Present Simple

have sth VIII I have my hair cut (man nukirpti plaukai)

Present Continuous
Past Simple

am / is are having sth VIII I am having my hair cut (man kerpami plaukai)
had sth VIII I had my hair cut (man buvo nukirpti plaukai)

Past Continuous
Present Perfect Simple Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Simple Past Perfect Continuous Future Simple

was / were having sth VIII I was having my hair cut (man buvo kerpami plaukai)
I have had my hair cut (nek. k. get vietoj have paprastai nevartojama, kad nesipainiot su have got) I have been having my hair cut. had had sth VIII I had had my hair cut (man buvo nukirpti plaukai) I had been having my hair cut will have sth VIII I will have my hair cut (man bus nukirpti plaukai)

Future Continuous
Future Perfect Simple

I will be having my hair cut.

will have had sth VIII I will have had my hair cut ( bus nukirpti

Future Perfect Continuous

Modals

I will have been having my hair cut.

must / can etc. have sth VIII I must have my hair cut (man turi bti nukirpti plaukai) .....(print)