Professional Documents
Culture Documents
General properties
ACIDS Taste sour Turn litmus React with active metals Fe, Zn
BASES Taste bitter Turn litmus Feel soapy or slippery (react with fats to make soap) React with acids
Definitions
Arrehenius
only in water
Lewis
Examples
Arrhenius Bronsted-Lowry
Lewis
HCl HCl
BF3 NaOH
HCN
NH3
:NH3
NH4+ NH3
HNO3 NO3-
H+ transfer
Neutralization
In general: Acid + Base Salt + Water
All neutralization reactions are double displacement reactions.
HCl + NaOH
NaCl + HOH
H2O H+ + OH-
100% dissociation of HA HA
H+ AWould the solution be conductive?
Strong Acid
Partial dissociation of HA HA
H+ AWould the solution be conductive?
Weak Acid
HA H+ + AHA
H+ A-
Weak Acid
At any one time, only a fraction of the molecules are dissociated.
NaOH KOH
CH3COOH
NH3
pH
6 7 8 9 10 11 12
neutral @ 25oC (H+) = (OH-) distilled water fish populations drop off pH < 6 and to zero pH < 5
pH of Rainwater
basic
amphoteric
acidic
3A 4A 5A 6A 7A
8A
Group B
Db
105
107
Bh
HCO3-
H+ H2CO3
- H+ CO3-2
donates H+
accepts H+
pH
The biological view in the human body acidic
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
basic/alkaline
8 9 10 11
Tortora & Grabowski, Prin. of Anatomy & Physiology, 10th ed., Wiley (2003)
Gain of H+
Loss of H+
H3N+-CH2-COOH H2N-CH2-COOH
H2N-CH2-COOChime structure
The amino acid glycine - Zwitterion formation Transfer of H+ from carboxylic acid group to amine group.
Dilution
water (solvent) solute
Vfinal
concentrated, Minitial
adding water lowers the solute concentration
Titration Calculation
HCl + NaOH
indicator
NaCl + HOH
moles = M x VL