BABY PREPARATION

INTRODUCTION
Two considerations which apply to the overall welfare of an infant
are :

Protection Cleanliness The skin of infants are very much thinner and less cornified Highly susceptible to irritation Low resistance to bacterial attack

 Baby preparations are not intended to treat disordered skin but

rather to prevent the development of various forms of dermatitis and the accompanying discomfort

Products must be carefully formulated to be extremely mild and

gentle to the skin and hair

Has to have the ability to leave the hair and skin feeling soft and
clean and with a pleasant smell.

Pleasant smell provides emotional support for protective parental

instincts.

BABY POWDER
Function of baby powder : Absorb residual moisture on the skin Provide a degree of mild lubrication Main ingredient in baby powder is talc chemically known
as hydrated magnesium silicate

Has a unique ability to provide a high degree of silkiness

and lubricity

Property is conferred by the flat, hexaganol, platelet

structure of talc crystals

 Exhibit low coefficient of inter-particulate friction,

producing a high degree of slip

Kaolin, magnesium and calcium silicates and starch

based products added to increase degree of moisture absorbency than talc

Compromise lubricious feel of talc itself A typical formulation for an absorbent baby powder
designed to help prevent the formulation of nappy rash is illustrated below :

wt %
talc starch 77.90 20.00

zinc oxide
perfume

2.00
0.10

The best baby powder on the market today is that from

Johnson & Johnson which is a high purity talc-based product

 Recent innovation is LIQUID TALC Between 5 and 15% of talc suspended in an oil-in-water
emulsion

Provides a convenient method of applying talc to a babys

skin

Pleasant cooling effect Elimination of dusting and avoidance of unintentional

inhalation of airborne particles

FORMULATION OF BABY LIQUID TALC

wt% cetearyl alcohol cyclomethicone And dimethicone Carbomer 980 PEG-7 glycerylcocoate Talc 0.20 0.50 12.00 0.60 1.00

Triethanolamine
Water Perfume,preservatives,etc

to pH 7
to 100.00 q.s

 When formulating a product, facts taken into consideration

are :

Good application characteristics Sufficiently high viscosity so that talc remains

homogenously dispersed within the product even after storage at elevated temperatures for extended periods of time

BABY OILS

Used mainly for cleansing the skin and removing residue of cream and powder By forming a fatty film protecting the skin against wetting and chafing Their protective effect should be achieved without the oil forming a continuous and impervious layer -restricts perspiration and may cause excessive stagnation of moisture REQUIREMENT: Ability to spread easily and thinly over the skin, penetrating every

groove and wrinkle

1/5mm thickness established a continuous aqueous phase between their upper and lower boundary -thus permitted immediate and easy penetration of the aqueous electrolyte solution In practice: water will evaporate rapidly leaving a semi-permeable film which will transfer water vapour but not liquid

COMPONENTS :

high purity mineral oils of a viscosity of 5-15E at 25 -use only water white and odourless grades since poorly refined oils may toxic antioxidants:- isopropyl myristate, synthetic,saturated and liquid triglycerides or fatty alcohols, perhydrosqualene and silicone oils

-because of the dangers of rancidity and the accompanying by products which may irritate the skin

antiseptics -to combat minor skin infection Lanolin derivatives -5-10% -gives cloudy solutions at low temperature -act as solubilizer to maintain clarity Hexadecyl alcohol -best solubilizer contain low concentration of perfume: <0.2% -because of the danger of skin irritation -e.g: avoid using benzylidene acetone, cinnamic aldehyde, citral, eugenol

FORMULATION
Part Trade Name % Weight Functions INCI Name

Mineral Oil

To 100

Emollient

Mineral Oil

Luvitol EHO

10.00

Emollient

Ceteryl octanate

Medlan Oil

2.00

Emollient

Lanolin Oil

BABY SHAMPOOS

Do not differ markedly from shampoos designed for adult use

Particular care should be taken to include only surface active agents which have a very low index of corneal irritation
Some surfactants have an anaesthetizing effect on the eye mucosa which is capable of damaging the cornea

Alkyl aryl compound condensed with a number of moles of polyethlene oxide, and also fatty acid amine condensates,anionic sulpho-succinates, amphoteric cyclo-imidiinium derivatives -exhibit anaesthetic properties Ethoxylated lanolin alcohols -lowering eye iritation Magnesium lauryl ether sulphate -low corneal irritation index

Nonionic surfactants with ampholytic materials -used a s secondary detergents Condensation products of protein fatty acids

-improve mildness
Fatty acid sacrosinates

-gives mildness with high foaming and cleansing effect particularly within the weakly acid range

EXAMPLE OF FORMULATION
Item No 1 Ingredient Name D.I. water q.s. to % wt 66.00 Typical Form Liquid Liquid Solution Liquid Solution Liquid Solution Paste Liquid Liquid Solution Purpose Diluent

2
3 4 5 6 7

Sodium laureth sulfate

Cocamidopropyl betaine Disodium cocoamphodiacetate Disodium oleamide-MIPA PEG-80 sorbitan laurate Coco-glucoside

8.00
5.00 2.00 4.00 10.00 5.00

Surfactant
Surfactant Surfactant Foamer Thickener Surfactant

BABY CREAMS
Semisolid preparations, almost like an emulsion that contains no less than 60% of water and is meant for external use only

There are 2 types of creams, namely Oil-in-water and Water-in-oil

In babies, creams are used in treating or preventing dry, itchy skin or minor skin irritations. It is also an emollient.

Example of a baby cream :

Calamine cream

Contents : mixture of zinc oxide (ZnO) with

about 0.5% ferric oxide (Fe2O3) or a zinc carbonate compound. Its main ingredient is calamine which is used as an

anti-pruritic.

BABY LOTIONS
A lotion is a topical preparation for external usage and it is a lowto medium-viscosity topical preparation intended for application to unbroken skin. Many lotions are formulated not as a medicine delivery system, but simply to smooth, re-hydrate, and soften the skin.

 Most lotions are oil-in-water emulsions using a substance such as cetearyl alcohol to keep the emulsion together.

Basic content of a lotion : an emulgent to prevent separation of the two phases (water and oily phase) and, if used, the drug substance or substances. A wide variety of other ingredients such as fragrances, glycerol, petroleum jelly, dyes, preservatives, proteins and stabilizing agents are commonly added to lotions.

Example of a cream :

Johnsons Baby Lotion

Content : Water, propylene glycol, Glyceryl Stearate/Stearic

Acid/Oleic Acid, polysorbate 61, C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate,

Sorbitan Stearate, Cetyl Alcohol, Stearyl Alcohol, Benzyl Alcohol,Synthetic Beeswax,

Dimethicone, Isopropyl Palmitate,

Methylparaben, Propylparaben, Butylparaben, Carbomer, Fragrance,

BHT, Sodium Hydroxide,

Red 33

BABY OINTMENTS

Semisolid preparation for external use on the skin.

There are 4 types of bases used for ointments. Namely, oleaginous bases, absorption bases, water in oil emulsion bases, oil in water emulsion bases and water soluble or water miscible bases

 Ointments restores smooth, healthy skin. It soothes, protects and helps heal dry, irritated skin due to drooling, minor burns and abrasions Some ointments are effective relief for the dry skin associated with Eczema and can alsoreduce diaper rash

Example of a baby ointment

Aquaphor Healing Ointment

Content : Petrolatum, Mineral Oil (Paraffinum Liquidum), Ceresin, Lanolin Alcohol,

Panthenol, Glycerin,
Bisabolol (L-Alpha)

BABY SOAP

 skin cleansing agent

Skin fragrances are gent and less likely to irritate the skin

WORKING PRINCIPLES OF SOAP

As a surfactant, where in contact with liquid tend to be attached to the surface of the liquid Amphiphilic physicochemical properties: philic ( like solvent) ; phobic (dislike solvent) types of surfactant: Ionic surfactant hydrolyzed into positive ion and negative ion when dissolve in solvent(water). Nonionic surfactant non ionized. eg: polyglycol ester

Also work as wetting agent, emulsifier and form forming

 SURFACTANT coconut oil, olive oil LUBRICANT cocoa butter, lanolin

ANTIOXIDANT butylhydroxy toluene (0.02- 0.1%)

DEODORANT trichloro carbanilide

 COLORING AGENT titanium oxide 0.01% pH ADJUSTER citric acid (pH 3.5 4.5)

SPECIAL ADDITIONAL MATERIAL

RIGHT CHOICE OF BABY SOAP

pH 3.5 4.5 Glycerin from coconut oil To prevent irritation Milk protein Provide nutrition for the skin

Honey Moisturizes the skin

Tea tree oil Antiseptic

Fragrance Dye Mineral oil Antibacterial Chemicals Ammonia

Formaldehyd Glycols Phenol BHA/BHT

THANK YOU