CLIMATOLOGY

PRESENTED BY: MEENAKSHI TYAGI

VARIOUS CLIMATIC ZONES ACROSS THE WORLD

VARIOUS CLIMATIC ZONES OF INDIA:

HOT- DRY WARM HUMID COMPOSITE COLD/ TROPICAL UPLAND

THERMAL COMFORT FACTORS

Convection

Radiation

Metabolism

Radiation

Evaporation

Conduction

Convection

Conduction

Convection

Heat Gain

Heat Loss

THERMAL BALANCE =
Metabolism - Evaporation +_ Conduction +_ Convection +_ Radiation = 0

Thermal Comfort Environmental Variables

Temperature The average air temperature from the floor at a height of 1.1 m. Mean Radiant Temperature The average temperature of the surrounding surfaces, which includes the effect of the incident solar radiation. Air Velocity Which affects convective heat loss from the body, i.e. air at a greater velocity will seem cooler. Air Humidity Which affects the latent heat losses and has a particularly important impact in warm and humid environments

Comfort conditions

Variables for comfort conditions

Clothing Acclimatization Body shape Age and Sex Health Eating habits

Comfort conditions in India:

Air temperature: 22degree C 30 degree C RH : 45% - 60% Wind velocity : 10m/ min

Climate and housing

BUILDINGS AND CLIMATE and Climate

HOT-ARID
Where very high summer temperatures with great fluctuation predominate with dry conditions throughout the year. Cooling degrees days greatly exceed heating degree days. - Solar avoidance : keep DIRECT SOLAR GAIN out of the building - avoid daytime ventilation - promote night time air ciculation, with cool evening air - achieve daylighting by reflectance and use of LIGHT non-heat absorbing colours - create a cooler MICROCLIMATE by using water bodies, landscape , vegetation. -Consider the DIURNAL CYCLE , use evaporative cooling - use heavy mass for walls and DO NOT INSULATE

HOT-HUMID
Where warm to hot stable conditions predominate with high humidity throughout the year. Cooling degrees days greatly exceed heating degree days. SOLAR AVOIDANCE : large roofs with overhangs that shade walls and to allow windows open at all times - PROMOTE VENTILATION - USE LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS that do not hold heat and that will not promote condensation and dampness (mold/mildew) - eliminate basements and concrete - use STACK EFFECT to ventilate through high spaces - use of COURTYARDS and semi-enclosed outside spaces

COLD/ UPLAND CLIMATE

Where winter is the dominant season and concerns for conserving heat predominate all other concerns. Heating degree days greatly exceed cooling degree days. RULES: - First INSULATE -minimize infiltration (build tight to reduce air changes) - Then INSOLATE and fenestrate for DIRECT GAIN - ORIENT AND SITE THE BUILDING PROPERLY FOR THE SUN - maximize south facing windows for easier control - apply THERMAL MASS inside the building envelope to store the FREE SOLAR HEAT - create a sheltered MICROCLIMATE to make it LESS cold

COMPOSITE CLIMATE / MONSOON CLIMATE

- BALANCE strategies between COLD and HOT-HUMID - maximize flexibility in order to be able to modify the envelope for varying climatic conditions - understand the natural benefits of SOLAR ANGLES that shade during the warm months and allow for heating during the cool months

THANK YOU