Human Resource Management JOB ANALYSIS

PRESENTED BY:

What is a job?
J0b

Group of related activities and duties Made up of tasks

Tasks

Basic elements of jobs what gets done

STAGES OF HRM

The JOB ANALYSIS

A job analysis is the process used to collect information about the duties, responsibilities, necessary skills, outcomes, and work environment of a particular job. Process of defining a job in terms of its component tasks or duties and the knowledge or skills required to perform them

DECISION IS MADE TO CHECK THAT: Whether already existing post is valuable or not. To create a Post.

What to do??
1. 2.

Discuss the nature of job analysis, including what it is and how its used. Use at least three methods of collecting job analysis information, including interviews, questionnaires, and observation. Explain job analysis in a jobless world, including what it means and how its done in practice.

3.

JOB ANALYSIS PROCESS

Steps in Job Analysis Process

1.

Job descriptionsTask requirements

Statement that explains duties working conditions, etc. of a job

2.

Job specificationsPerson requirements

Statement of what a job demands of the incumbent E.g., knowledge, skills, abilities (KSAs) and other characteristics required to perform job

3. Performance

standards

What is expected of workers JA may provide performance standards for job where performance is readily quantified, measurable, etc. May need to be augmented e.g., participative goal-setting

All of these uses form foundation for various HRM systems

The Job Analysis provides the foundation for almost everything HR is involved in.
Job Descriptions Employee Selection Training Performance Appraisals Job Classification Job Evaluation Job Design and Redesign

Important Applications of Job Analysis

Reasons For Conducting Job Analysis

Training & Development Staffing Compensation & Benefits Safety and Health

Employee and labor relation ship

METHODS

Direct observation Interview of existing post holder Interview of immediate supervisor Questionnaires Previous studies Work dairies

Methods of Job Analysis: Observation

Information Source
Observing and noting the physical activities of employees as they go about their jobs

Advantages
Provides first-hand information

Reduces distortion of
information

Observation:
Disadvantages:
Time consuming Difficulty in capturing entire job cycle Of little use if job involves a high level of mental activity Observers Difference of mental disposition. Analysts caliber should match employees caliber

Methods of Job Analysis: The Interview

Information Sources
Individual employees (existing job holder) Immediate boss (Supervisors )

with knowledge of the job.

Interview format

Structured
Unstructured

The Interviews:

Advantages
Quick, direct way to find overlooked

information required.

Disadvantages
Exaggeration or depreciation of importance of job

In case of supervisor, he may not be interesting in the JD of the subordinates. Attitude may not be supportive. Difference in perception, attitude and aptitude of the interviewee. Lack of communication. Analysts caliber should match employees caliber.

Methods of Job Analysis: Questionnaires

Information Source:
Have employees fill out questionnaires to describe their job-related duties and responsibilities.

1. 2.

Questionnaires format: Structured checklist.( to identify the task performed) Open ended questions

Questionnaires

Advantages
Quick and efficient way to gather information from large numbers of employees Quick and economical to use

Disadvantages
Expense and time consumed in preparing and testing the questionnaire. Becomes less useful where the employees lack verbal skills.

Methods of Job Analysis: Previous studies

Information source: Past record of any employee. The analyst keeps the past record of the employees and keeps the previous experiences and issues related to the job analysis process of the organization.

Previous studies
Advantages Easy to use this method. Helps to find out that whether it is beneficial or not Disadvantages Wrong assessment of previous post Bad performance of previous employee

Methods of Job Analysis: Work Diaries

Information Source
Workers keep a chronological diary/ log of what they do and the time spent on each activity.

Work Diaries

Advantages
Produces a more complete picture of the job
Employee participation Maintained on daily basis.

Disadvantages
Distortion of information

Depends upon employees to accurately recall their activities

Methods of Job Analysis: Manager trying the job

This method is used to check the new post. In this method the manager start a new job to check that whether this job is beneficial or not. Its a risky step to take because it may cause many fundamental problems.

Advantages and disadvantages

1.

1. 2. 3.

Advantages: Very fruitful if the manager is an experienced analyst and strategic risk taker. Disadvantages: Very expensive Risky Time consuming

The person who conducts job analysis is interested in gathering data on what is involved in performing a particular job. Types of data collected, that may help in analysis are,

( WORK ACTIVITIES,WORK PERFORMANCES,WORK SCHEDULES,PERSONAL REQUIRMENTS).

Human resource experts cannot rely on individual job analysis techniques so normally all the methods are used collectively.

Job Analysis in a Jobless World

Job Design: Specialization and Efficiency?

Job Enlargement

Job Rotation

Job Enrichment

Job Analysis in a Jobless World (contd)

Dejobbing the Organization

Flattening the Organization

Using SelfManaged Work Teams

Reengineering Business Processes