What is Astronomy??

Astronomy is the scientific study of stars, planets and other things in space.

How did the universe begin??

There are three main theories of the origin of the universe.

Big Bang theory Steady State theory Creation theory

The universe has always been as it is today New matter is always being produced The universe is continuously contracting and expanding.

Billions of years ago the universe was packed in a small spacePrimeval Atom
It explodes and threw matter in all directions The explosion caused the formation of the galaxies.

God created the Heavens and the Earth. Adam and Eve

Religion

The universe is made up of millions of Galaxies.

A galaxy is a swarm of billions of stars, clouds and dust rotating around a central point.

Our galaxy is called the Milky Way

Our WHOLE solar system is located right about here

Stars go through four different stages in their lifetime.

The four stages are:

Yellow Star

Red Giant
White Dwarf Black Dwarf

Medium-Hot star. Nuclear reaction occurring Our Star (sun) is a yellow star.

As nuclear fuel is used up, star expands and turns red

Lasts for about 100 million years

When our sun is a Red Giant, it will expand and swallow up the inner planetsMercury, Venus, Earth & Mars

Most of the stars fuel in the outer layers is used up

Shrinks and collapses (about the size of Earth but heavier)

Gives off a white light

Remaining fuel is used up

Star is dead

Basic Sun Facts

The Sun is 93 million miles away from Earth. (It takes sunlight 8.5 minutes to reach Earth.) Surface Temperature: 10,000 degrees (F) Core Temp: 22,000,000 degrees HOT STUFF!!! Corona Temp: 2,000,000 degrees

How Big is the Sun???

The Sun is HUGE!!!

Diameter of Sun: 865,000 miles across. 109 Earths would fit across the Sun!!! Circumference: 2,700,000 miles around the Sun *** 1,300,000 Earths would fit inside the Sun! WOW!!

The Sun actually moves!

Rotation: The Sun spins around one time every
25 days.

Revolution: The Sun moves around the center

of our galaxy one time every 200,000,000 years!

Core Convection Zone Photosphere Prominences Sunspots Solar Flares Chromosphere Corona

Core: Center of Sun, hottest part. Nuclear fusion takes place Convection Zone: Full of hot gases. Energy released Photosphere: Source of sunlight. Visible part of Sun Prominences: Flame-like gases that travel outward Sunspots: Darker, cooler areas of Sun Solar Flares: Streams of charges atoms Corona: Outer atmosphere Chromosphere: Gases above the photosphere. Seen only during an eclipse

Chromosphere

Prominences

Sun Spots

E A R T H

The Earth is tilted on its axis 23.5 degrees. This is why we have seasons.

We have night and day because our planet is rotating or spinning!

Illinois

SUN

This is showing daytime in Illinois

FYI: This is not to scale!!!

We have night and day because our planet is rotating or spinning!

Illinois

SUN

This is showing nighttime in Illinois

FYI: This is not to scale!!!

This is a little more to scale!!!

Sun
Earth

The Background Info.

The Moon is the Earths only natural satellite. Ancient man feared the moon- Thought it made a person crazy! Lunar- From the moon. Lunatic- Crazy person. 1609, Galileo was the 1st person to fully examine the moon through a telescope.

Distance from Earth: 250,000 miles

Circumference: 7,000 miles Diameter: 2,000 miles ** The moon is about a of the size of Earth. Gravitational Pull: 1/6 that of the Earth. Ex) If you weight 100 pounds on the Earth, you would weigh about 16 .5 pounds on the moon!

Effects of only a little gravity on the moon: No water

No atmosphere
No air Effects of no air: No sound No wind to carry warmth to cold areas Black skies, you see stars in the daytime. Topography:

Craters, mountains, smooth plains, valleys

Temperature on the Moon

Bright side is 200-300 degrees!

Dark side is 270 degrees! Below Zero!

Due to the extreme conditions on the moon astronauts must were a suit like this.

Phases of the Moon

Half of the Moon is ALWAYS lit-up

Sunlight

The Moon appears to have phases because it is revolving around us.

Quarter/Half Moon New Moon Full Moon

(sunlight) Quarter/Half Moon

Rotation: 27 1/3 days

Revolution: 27 1/3 days
We can only see one side of the moon from the Earth. Astonaughts had to orbit the moon in a rocket ship to see what was on the other side. The reason why we can only see one side of the moon is because the rotation and revolution are the same.

ECLIPSES

SOLAR ECLIPSE

When the Moon gets between the Sun and Earth. The Moon casts a small shadow on the Earth.

LUNAR ECLIPSE

When the Earth gets between the Sun and the Moon. The Earth casts a shadow on the Moon. This is how we knew the Earth was round!

SOLAR ECLIPSE

LUNAR ECLIPSE

This is a picture of the Earth from the moon.

This shows the craters and the smooth areas on the moon.

This shows the surface of the moon

Little Astronaut

And away we go!

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