Environmental Management System ISO 14001:2004

A Systematic Approach To Environmental Care In All Aspects Of Business

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Bhopal MIC Gas Tragedy

December 3, 1984 MIC causes burning sensation in eyes, removes oxygen from lungs and death due to choking Threshold limit: 0.02 ppm for man Lethal dose: 2 ppm 6 lakh victims including 10,000 severely affected and 70,000 less severely affected persons >12,000 persons died so far Avg. 5 gas victims continue to die every week Out of every 3 children born, only one survived. Out of 1350 new born babies, 16 were physically deformed and 60 premature birth

Environmental Issues

Environmental Issues

Effect Of Global Warming

SEA LEVEL IS EXPECTED TO RISE BY APPROX. 34 cm BY YEAR 2100

Environmental Issues
SUN
absorbed by gases resulting from industrialization (CO2, CFCs, methane, nitrous oxide, ground level ozone) absorbed by natural gases in atmosphere (water vapour, CO2, nitrous oxide, ground level ozone)

Re-radiated back to surface Incoming solar radiation

EARTH

Heat radiated back from surface

ATMOSPHERE

GLOBAL WARMING

Global Warming Potential

CO2 :1

CFCS
Methane NO2

: 3000 7000
: 10 : 100

Environmental Issues

Forest damaged by Acid Rain

Tree Damaged by Acid

Environmental Issues

Acid Rain

Environmental Issues UV UV

Mesosphere

{
UV Radiation Ozone layer (10-50km)

CFCs 1,1,1 TCE Carbon Tetrachloride Chlorine

Destruction of Ozone UV Radiation

Bromine
Troposphere

Halons

Stratosphere

EARTH

OZONE DEPLETION

Ozone Depleting Potential

CFCS :1

Halons
1,1,1 TCE CCl4 HCFCS

: 3 10
: 0.1 : 1.1 : 0.06 0.1

Environmental Issues

Mexico City- Photochemical Smog

Photochemical Smog
Combination of: O3 , Nox, Hydrogen peroxides, Organic peroxides,

Peroxyethanoyl (pan),
Pb2n etc., Produced photochemically

Damages trees and certain crops

Harmful to human health

Environmental Issues

Land Fill 1 ton per person/year!

Environmental Issues

Love Canal, U.S.A.

Oil Overflow From Tank

Storage of Oil - No Secondary Containment

Polluted Ground Water in Ghaziabad

World Initiatives
1972: UN conference on human environment in Stockholm, Sweden 1980s: World commission on environment and development Objective? Take a look at environment, and Make an assessment for its development

1987: Report our common future was published,

1989: UN conference on environment & development was envisioned, 1992: Earth summit at Rio De Janeiro

World Initiatives (Contd.)

Responsible care program for chemical industry - pre requisite for membership of chemical industry association. 1991: International Chamber of Commerce launched charter for sustainable development Similar approaches by IEC, ISO etc.

Development At ISO
1991: Formation of strategic advisory group, 1993: Creation of TC207, 1996: Introduction of ISO14001: A major step In continuing development of Environmental solutions

2004: First revision in ISO14001

Actions In India
1974: The water (Prevention & control of pollution) act 1981: Formation of CPCB & SPCBs

1984: Air (Prevention & control of pollution) act,1984

1986: Environment protection act,1986 in response to Bhopal disaster

1986: Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF) became nodal

ministry for implementation of pollution related provisions of the act CPCB and SPCBs are now statutory authorities for implementing water & air pollution control acts.

Initial Industry Response

Invest In Pollution Control Facilities

Result?
Increased investments

Significant operating & maintenance costs

No return on investment

Only benefit
Avoidance of legal sanctions imposed by environmental regulations

Environment
Surroundings in which an organization operates, including: Air Water Land Natural resources Flora

Fauna
Humans, and their interrelation

Environmental Aspect
Element of an organizations: Activities, Products or Services That can interact with the environment Note: a Significant Environmental Aspect (SEA) has or can have a Significant Environmental Impact (SEI). E.G.: Emission of CFCs

Environmental Impact
Any change to the environment, whether: Adverse or Beneficial, Wholly or partially resulting from an organizations environmental aspects. e.g.: Ozone depletion

Environmental Aspects

Environmental Impacts

IMPACTS ON
Life Air Water Land Flora/Fauna

Pollution
Pollution is - contamination of the environment by man-made

substances or energy that have adverse effects on living or nonliving matter

Contamination of air, water or soil materials interferes with human

health, the quality of life, or the natural functioning of ecosystems

Immediate Issues
Water pollution Air pollution Noise pollution Land pollution Solid waste (Municipal & Industrial)

Resource depletion

Water Pollution
River contamination due to industrial waste & soil erosion Lake, reservoir & estuary contamination due to large discharges of municipal & Industrial waste Ocean contamination due to oil spills etc. Ground water contamination land fills containing high chemical concentrations etc.

Air Pollution
Dust, smoke etc. causes lung diseases Gases like SOx, NOx, CO cause respiratory ailments Acid fumes. cause respiratory ailments Hydrocarbons. cause lung cancer Fluorides & heavy metal fumes cause anaemia

Noise Pollution

A Type Of Air Pollution

Harmful depending on dB level & duration of exposure

High dB / long exposurecause deafness, annoyance, loss of sleep & speech interference High dB / medium exposure. cause ill effects on muscular responses & reflexes, stress reactions, etc.

Land Pollution
Chemical / direct.Spillages of acids, dioxins & fall outs of heavy metals Chemical / indirect.Highly toxic but low in volume solids / liquids seep into the soil, through rain/ water Chemical / indirect use of inorganic fertilizers in agriculture

Solid Waste
Garbage, refuse & sludge.. From waste treatment plants Industrial / mining waste..From discards Household waste Domestic garbage

Resource Depletion
Irresponsible use of potable water Irresponsible use of energy fuel, electrical etc. Deforestation due to demand for wood Ozone layer depletion

Extinction of varieties of flora & fauna

Prevention Of Pollution
Use of processes, practices, techniques, materials, products,

services or energy

To avoid, reduce or control (separately or in combination)

the

creation, emission or discharge of any type of pollutant or waste

In order to reduce adverse environmental impact

Prevention Of Pollution Can Include

Source reduction or elimination Process, product or service changes Efficient use of resources Material and energy substitution Reuse Recovery Recycling

Reclamation
Treatment

Environmental Management System (EMS)

Part of an organizations management system used to: Develop and implement its environmental policy and Manage its environmental aspects Note 1: A management system is a set of interrelated elements used to establish policy and objectives and to achieve those objectives

Note 2: A management system includes organizational structure,

planning activities, responsibilities, practices, procedures, processes and resources.

Why Have EMS?

Low probability of lapses in legal compliance Cost savings Improved public image Avoidance of adverse publicity Better response in emergency situations reduced loss Improved relations with regulatory bodies

Reduced compensation losses

Customer preference

Shewart & Demings P-D-C-A Model

ACT

PLAN

CHECK

DO

EMS Requirements
4.1 General requirements
Establish, document, implement, maintain and continually improve

EMS as per requirements of ISO 14001:2004

Determine how to fulfill requirements of ISO 14001:2004

Define and document scope of EMS

EMS Requirements
4.2 Environmental Policy
Consider nature, scale and environmental impacts of activities, products and services

Include commitment to continual improvement

Include commitment to prevention of pollution

Include commitment to comply with applicable legal & other

requirements

EMS Requirements
4.2 Environmental policy (continued)
Provide framework for setting & reviewing objectives & targets

Document, implement and maintain

Communication to all persons working for or on behalf of the organization

Availability to the public

Plan
4.3 Planning
4.3.1 Environmental aspects 4.3.2 Legal and other requirements 4.3.3 Objectives, Targets and Programme(s)

Plan
4.3 Planning
4.3.1 Environmental Aspects
Establish, implement and maintain procedures
Identification of environmental aspects Existing / new / modified activities, products and services

Under organizations control / influence

Planned / new developments

Plan
4.3 Planning
4.3.1 Environmental Aspects (Continued)
Determine significant environmental aspects (SEA) considering:
Quantity, occurrence, impact, legislation, controls, preventive mechanism etc.

Document and update information

Consider SEA, while establishing, implementing and maintaining the EMS

Plan
4.3 Planning
4.3.2 Legal And Other Requirements
Establish, implement and maintain procedures
Identification & access to applicable legal and other requirements Determination of application

Consider these requirements in establishing, implementing and

maintaining the EMS

Legal Requirements
EMS
The water (prevention and control of pollution) act, 1974 / 1988

The water (prevention and control of pollution) rules, 1975

The water (prevention and control of pollution) cess act, 1977 / 2003 The water (prevention and control of pollution) cess rules, 1978 The air (prevention and control of pollution) act, 1981 / 1987 The air (prevention and control of pollution) rules, 1982

Legal Requirements
EMS (Continued)
The Environment (Protection) act, 1986 / 1991

The Environment (Protection) rules, 1986 / 2008

The coastal regulation zone rules, 1991 / 2003, draft 2008 The hazardous wastes (Management and handling) rules, 1989, as amended in 2003, draft 2007 Manufacture, storage and import of hazardous chemical rules, 1989, as amended in 2000

Legal Requirements
EMS (Continued)
Manufacture, use, import, export and storage of hazardous

micro-organisms, genetically engineered micro-organisms or cells

rules, 1989 / 2007 Bio-medical waste (management and handling) rules 1998 / 2003

Noise pollution (regulation and control) rules 2000 / 2006

The Environment (Protection) (Second amendment rules) 1999emission standards for new generator sets

Legal Requirements
EMS (Continued)
Recycled plastics manufacture and usage rules 1999 / 2003 Municipal solid wastes (management & handling) rules, 2000 Ozone depleting substances (Regulation) rules, 2000

Batteries (Manufacture & handling) rules, 2001

Plan
4.3 Planning
4.3.3 Objectives, Targets And Programme(s)
Establish, implement and maintain documented environmental
objectives and targets At relevant functions and levels within organization

Measurable, where practicable

Consistent with environmental policy

Plan
4.3 Planning
4.3.3 Objectives, Targets And Programme(s) (Continued)
Consider applicable legal & other requirements and sea while establishing and reviewing Consider technological options Consider financial, operational and business requirements Consider views of interested parties

Plan
4.3 Planning
4.3.3 Objectives, Targets And Programme(s) (Continued)
Establish, implement and maintain a programme to achieve objectives and targets Programme to include: Designation of responsibility The means The time frame

Do
4.4 Implementation And Operation
4.4.1 Resources, roles, responsibility and authority
4.4.2 Competence, training and awareness 4.4.3 Communication

4.4.4 Documentation
4.4.5 Control of documents 4.4.6 Operational control 4.4.7 Emergency preparedness and response

Do
4.4 Implementation And Operation
4.4.1 Resources, Roles, Responsibility And Authority
Availability of resources for establishing, implementing, maintaining
and improving the EMS Include

Human resources
Specialized skills Organizational infrastructure

Technology
Financial resources

Do
4.4 Implementation And Operation
4.4.1 Resources, Roles, Responsibility And Authority (Continued)
Define, document and communicate: roles, responsibility and authority Appoint management representative, define role, responsibilities and authority for Ensuring EMS is established, implemented and maintained as per ISO 14001:2004 Reporting to top management on the performance of the EMS for review (including recommendations for improvement)

Do
4.4 Implementation And Operation
4.4.2 Competence, Training And Awareness
Persons performing tasks for or on behalf of organization having potential to cause SEI Competency on the basis of: Education Training Experience

Identify training needs

Provide training / take other actions Retain associated records

Do
4.4 Implementation And Operation
4.4.2 Competence, Training And Awareness (Continued)
Establish, implement and maintain a procedure to make persons aware of: The importance of conformity with policy, procedures & EMS requirements The SEA and SEI associated with work Environmental benefits of improved personal performance Roles & responsibilities in achieving conformity Potential consequences of departure from specified procedures

Do
4.4 Implementation And Operation
4.4.3 Communication
With regards to environmental aspects and EMS, establish, implement and maintain a procedure for: Internal communication Receiving, documenting and responding to relevant communication from external interested parties Document decision whether to communicate externally on SEA If yes, establish and implement methods for external communication

Interested Parties
Management Suppliers and contractors Customers Local community

Pressure groups
Financers banks, share holders Insurers

Regulators
Media Society at large

Do
4.4 Implementation And Operation
4.4.4 Documentation
EMS documentation to include: Environmental policy, objectives and targets Description of scope of EMS

Description of main elements of EMS and their interaction,

reference to other documents Documents and records required by ISO 14001:2000

Documents and records determined by organization, necessary

for effective planning, operation and control of processes related to SEAs.

Do
4.4 Implementation And Operation
4.4.5 Control Of Documents
Refer to 4.5.4 for control of records

Establish, implement and maintain a procedure:

Documents approval for adequacy prior to issue Review / update / re-approval Id of changes & current revision status Availability at point of use Legibility & quick identifiably Control of required documents of external origin Identification / prevention of unintended use of obsolete documents

Do
4.4 Implementation And Operation
4.4.6 Operational Control
Identify & plan operations associated with SEAs Carry out operations under specified conditions Establish, implement and maintain procedures where absence could lead deviation from policy, objectives and targets Stipulate operating criteria in the procedures Establish, implement and maintain procedures related to identified SEAs of goods and services used Communicate applicable procedures and requirements to suppliers, including contractors

Do
4.4 Implementation And Operation
4.4.7 Emergency Preparedness And Response
Establish, implement and maintain a procedure to identify potential environmental emergency situations and potential environmental accidents; response to such events

Respond to actual emergencies and accidents

Prevent / mitigate adverse environmental impact Periodic review and revisions (as req.): Procedures, in particular, after the occurrence of event Periodic testing of procedures where practicable

Check
4.5 Checking
4.5.1 Monitoring and measurement
4.5.2 Evaluation of compliance 4.5.3 Nonconformity, corrective action and preventive action 4.5.4 Control of records 4.5.5 Internal audit

Check
4.5 Checking
4.5.1 Monitoring And Measurement
Establish, implement and maintain a procedure
Regular monitoring and measurement of key characteristics of operations having SEAs

Procedure to include documentation of :

Information to monitor performance Applicable controls

Conformity with environmental objectives and targets

Use of calibrated / verified MMD & keeping records

Check
4.5 Checking
4.5.2 Evaluation Of Compliance
Establish, implement and maintain independent or combined procedures Periodic evaluation of compliance with applicable legal and other requirements Keeping records of results of periodic evaluations

Check
4.5 Checking
4.5.3 Nonconformity, Corrective Action And Preventive Action
Establish, implement and maintain procedures Identify & correct NCs Mitigate environmental impact

Check
4.5 Checking
4.5.3 Nonconformity, Corrective Action And Preventive Action (Continued)
Investigate root cause(s), take appropriate corrective actions (CA) Evaluate need for preventive actions (PA) & implement appropriate actions Record results of CA / PA Review effectiveness of CA / PA

Ensure necessary changes to EMS documentation

Check
4.5 Checking
4.5.4 Control Of Records
Establish & maintain records
Demonstrate conformity to requirements of EMS & ISO 14001:2004 Demonstrate results achieved

Check
4.5 Checking
4.5.4 Control Of Records (Continued)
Establish, implement & maintain a procedure for:
Identification Storage Protection Retrieval Retention Disposal Legibility, identifiability, traceability

Check
4.5 Checking
4.5.5 Internal Audit
Conduct EMS audits at planned intervals
To determine whether EMS Conforms to planned EMS including ISO 14001:2000 Has been properly implemented and is maintained To provide information on the results of audits to management

Check
4.5 Checking
4.5.5 Internal Audit (Continued)
Plan, establish, implement and maintain audit programme
Consider: Environmental importance of operations and Results of previous audits Ensure objectivity and impartiality of the audit process while: Selecting auditors: Conducting audits

Check
4.5 Checking
4.5.5 Internal Audit (Continued)
Establish, implement and maintain audit procedure to address:
Responsibilities and requirements for: Planning and conducting audits Reporting results Retaining associated records Audit criteria, scope, frequency and methods

Act
4.6 Management Review
Top management to review EMS at planned intervals Ensure continuing suitability, adequacy and effectiveness Assess:

Opportunities for improvement

Need for changes to EMS including environmental policy, objectives and targets

Maintain management review records

Act
4.6 Management Review (Continued)
Inputs to management review: Results of internal audits Results of evaluations of compliance with legal and other requirements Communications from external interested parties, including complaints Environmental performance of organization Achievement of objectives and targets

Act
4.6 Management Review (Continued)
Inputs to management review (continued):
Status of corrective and preventive actions Follow up actions from previous management reviews Changing circumstances, including developments in legal and other requirements related to environmental aspects Recommendations for improvement

Act
4.6 Management Review (Continued)
Outputs from management review to include any decisions and
actions related to possible changes to: Environmental policy, objectives and targets

Other elements of the EMS

Consistent with the commitment to continual improvement