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Geographically Integrated Hydrologic Modeling Systems

GIS
Interface data models Model 1

Geo Database

Arc Hydro data model

Model 2

Model 3

Arc Hydro Hydrography

Arc Hydro Hydrology

Geographic Data Model


Conceptual Model a set of concepts that describe a subject and allow reasoning about it Mathematical Model a conceptual model expressed in symbols and equations Data Model a conceptual model expressed in a data structure (Logical data model, physical data model) Geographic Data Model a data model expressed in a GIS database

Data Model based on Inventory of data layers

Data Model Based on Behavior

Follow a drop of water from where it falls on the land, to the stream, and all the way to the ocean. R.M. Hirsch, USGS

Arc Hydro Components

Drainage System

Hydro Network

Flow

Time

Time Series

Hydrography

Channel System

Arc Hydro Framework Input Data


Watersheds Waterbody

Streams

Hydro Points

Arc Hydro Framework Data Model


! ( ! ( ! ( ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! (! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ( ! (! (! ! ( ( ! ( ! ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ( ! (! ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! (! ( ( ! (! ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! (! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ( ! (! ! (

Feature

HydroPoint

Waterbody HydroID HydroCode FType Name AreaSqKm JunctionID *

Watershed HydroID HydroCode DrainID AreaSqKm JunctionID NextDownID *

HydroID HydroCode FType Name JunctionID

ComplexEdgeFeature
! (

SimpleJunctionFeature

HydroEdge HydroID HydroCode ReachCode Name LengthKm LengthDown FlowDir FType EdgeType Enabled EdgeType Flowline Shoreline 1

HydroJunction HydroID HydroCode NextDownID LengthDown DrainArea FType Enabled AncillaryRole

! (

( !! (

HydroNetwork

Arc Hydro Framework For South Florida


Basins Waterbody (NHD)

Hydro Points
Hydro Network (NHD)

Nexrad Radar Rainfall Map

Extended Arc Hydro Framework for South Florida


HydroPeriod Analysis Extended Arc Hydro Arc Hydro Framework Operations Decision Support System

Regional Simulation Model

Framework for South Florida

Flood Modeling and Management

1. Define the Data Themes in the Core Model


Hydrographic lines Water bodies Drainage areas Structures Gages + ..
Who will produce and verify these data? Will National Hydrography Dataset be used?

2. Define the ODSS GIS Framework Select the ODSS waterbodies


and structures from the core GIS framework Integrate water control units in GIS Define drainage area for each WCU Build interface data model for ODSS Build tools for 2-way linkage between ArcGIS and ODSS

Arc Hydro UML for ODSS


WCU Schematic Link WCU Schematic Node 1..* Water body 1..* 1 Hydro HydroEdge network 1 Extended Arc Hydro Framework 1 1 HydroJunction Subtypes Uncontrolled Controlled Junction Junction

Water Control Network

Subtypes
Canal Segment Lake

Basin 1 Tidal Marsh 1..* MonitoringPoint Structure

1..*

3. Define the Flood Modeling Framework Define drainage areas,


channels and control structures to be included Define flood simulation model(s) to be used Design ArcGIS interface data model, if necessary Populate models with GIS data (Watershed analyst) Build tools for 2-way linkage between ArcGIS and Flood Models, if necessary

4. Define the RSM GIS Framework


Generalize GIS data needed for RSM (linear referencing and event themes) Generate triangular mesh Represent canal segments and pseudocells in GIS Define ArcGIS interface data model for RSM Build tools for 2-way linkage between ArcGIS and RSM

5. Define GIS Functionality for Hydroperiod


Define conceptual framework Convert to mathematical form Define data structures needed Build tools to execute model Check against observed points to verify analysis Train the District staff!

Build the HydroNetwork Connect the drainage areas Connect the structures and monitoring points Integrate other themes (e.g. District RSM mesh?)

6. Build the District Arc Hydro Framework

7. Define the Water Inputs


Connect to the Nexrad data Connect to dbHydro for gage information Satellite information? Climate information? Water quality?

8. Build Information Flows Among Applications


HydroPeriod Analysis Extended Arc Hydro Arc Hydro Framework Operations Decision Support System

Regional Simulation Model

Framework for South Florida

Flood Modeling and Management

Regional Storm Water Modeling Program and Master Plan for San Antonio

Regional Watershed Modeling Master Plan Goals


Develop new or incorporate existing hydrology, hydraulic and water quality models (Bring the models together) Provide GIS-based interfaces for models Provide for maintenance of models and geospatial data Develop standards for modeling and geospatial data Regional Watershed Modeling System to assist in:
flood mitigation planning capital project prioritization

San Antonio Regional Watershed Modeling System


Geospatial Data: City, County SARA, other

Rainfall Data: Rain gages Nexrad

Modeling System

Calibration Data: Flows Water Quality

Floodplain Management

Capital Water quality Improvement planning Planning Integrated Flood Regional Water Forecasting Resources planning

Arc Hydro and HEC-HMS


HEC-HMS Hydrologic Model

Arc Hydro Schematic Network

Calculates Flows

Arc Hydro and HEC-RAS

Arc Hydro Channel Cross Sections

HEC-RAS Hydraulic Model

Calculates Water Surface Elevations

Flow Change Points


Models communicate with one another through Arc Hydro at designated points

Nexrad Map to Flood Map in FLO Model Builder ODP


Flood map as output Model for flood flow HMS

LAIN MAP

Nexrad map as input

Model for flood depth

Hydrologic Modeling within ArcGIS


Reverse engineer the parameter values from calibrated hydrologic simulation models into the interface data model LibHydro a library of hydrologic processing functions callable as a dll Schematic network processor to execute functions in the right order

Schematic Network
Standard Arc Hydro data structure
Schematic Links Schematic Nodes

Type 1 Nodes and Links for Watersheds Type 2 Nodes and Links for Streams Type 3 for ..

Schematic Network Processes


Node processes
Rainfall-runoff and pollutant loads on watersheds Summing flows or loads on streams Water quality in water bodies

Link processes
Routing flows in streams Pollutant losses in streams

LibHydro
A Fortran subroutine library of hydrologic processes developed from HEC-1 Packaged in LibHydro.DLL for operation under Visual Basic Transforms input time series to output time series More details on GISHydro 2003 CD

Initial Loss and Constant Loss Rate function Pick up a watershed


HydroID = 2346 ImperviousAreaRatio = 0.0001 InitialLoss = 1.6 (mm) ConstantLossRate = 0.38 (mm)

Excess Calculation

Simulation
Precipitation, Excess (mm/hr)

Excess calculation in Llano basin


10 8 6 4 2 0 7/21 7/22 Date 7/23 7/24 Precip (mm) Excess (mm)

Period: 7/21/97 7/23/97 (3 days) Time Interval: 15 minutes Time step: 4 * 24(hour) * 3(days) = 288

Runoff Calculation
Snyder Unit Hydrograph
Pick up a watershed
Watershed area: 266.5 (km2) SnyderCp: 0.8 SnyderTp: 5.58 (hr)

Simulation
Precipitation, Excess (mm/hr)

Hydrograph for Llano Basin


10 8 6 4 2 0 Runoff (m3/s) Precip (mm) Excess (mm) 100 80 60 40 20 0

7/ 21

7/ 22

date

7/ 23

Runoff (m3/s)

Period: 7/21/97 7/23/97 (3 days) Time Interval: 15 minutes

Outflow Calculation
Add Baseflow module Outflow = runoff + baseflow Recession Ratio = 0.95, Threshold value = 2 (m3/s)
Hydrograph for Llano Basin
10 100 Runoff (m3/s) Outflow(m3/s) Precip (mm) Excess (mm) 80 60 40 20 0

Precipitation, Excess (mm/hr)

8 6 4 2 0

7/ 21

7/ 22

date

7/ 23

Runoff (m3/s)

Looping Through the Schematic Network


Receive Process Get Upstream Features
HydroID

Get Upstream Values


Upstream HydroIDs HydroIDs Values

Feature, Values

Process Upstream Values

Processed Value

Topology Collection

Value Collection
HydroID, New Value

Update Value Collection

Process Value to Pass


Feature, Value

Processed Value

See GISHydro2003 CD for details

Pass Process

Schematic Network Process Implementation


Geodatabase

GIS

ArcToolbox Script Tool (ProcessSchematic)

Script (ProcSchematic.vbs)

DLL (MBSchematic.dll)

Script and DLLs


Process DLL 1 Process DLL n

Strengths of ArcGIS for Modeling


Integration with the COM environment, use of Visual Basic, and accessibility of models through dlls is great step forward Network topology a big help for water resources networks Geodatabase design process is important for modeling system architecture Model Builder is great for handling work flow sequences

Limitations of ArcGIS for Modeling


No data model and tools for time series in core software Graph plotting is inadequate for displaying time series Relationships are critical in geodatabase design but cant be created in ArcView separate toolkits for ArcInfo and ArcView implementation of modeling systems? No scheme for scenario management

Overall Assessment
Geographic framework: solid Model connections: good architecture, needs development Time series: being improved with current research
Hydrologic Information System

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