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ABB SACE
Protection of transformers
Generalities
ABB SACE
Protection of transformers
MT-BT switchboard with one single transformer
Sn
U20
In
Isc
ABB SACE
Protection of transformers
Sn x 103
In =
3 x U20
where
Sn = rated power of the transformer [kVA]
U20 = rated secondary voltage (no load) of the transformer [V]
ln = rated current of the transformer, LV side [A]
ABB SACE
Protection of transformers
The full voltage three-phase short circuit current immediately after the LV side
of the transformer can be expressed by the following relation once we suppose
infinite power at the primary:
In x 100
Isc =
Ucc %
where
Ucc %= short circuit voltage of the transformer [%]
ln = rated current, LV side, [A]
lsc = three-phase rated short circuit current, LV side, [A]
ABB SACE
Protection of transformers
The short circuit current is normally lesser than the preceding deduced
values if the CB is installed at a certain distance by means of a cable or
bar connection, according to the connection impedance.
ABB SACE
Protection of transformers
Choice of the circuit breaker
The following table shows some possible choices within the SACE Emax ACB
range according to the characteristics of the CB to protect.
Attention
Those indications are valid at the conditions that we declare in the table;
different conditions will lead us to repeat calculations and modify the choices.
ABB SACE
Protection of transformers
Sn [kVA] 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150
Ucc (1) % 4 4 5 5 5 6,25 6,25 6,25 6,25
In (2) [A] 722 909 1154 1443 1804 2309 2887 3608 4547
Isc (2) [kA] 18 22.7 23.1 28.9 36.1 37 46.2 57.7 72.7
SACE Emax E1B08 E1B12 E1B12 E2B16 E2B20 E3B25 E3B32 E4S40 E6H50
(1) For values of the percent short circuit voltage U’cc% different from the Ucc% values as per table, the rated three-
phase short circuit current I’cn becomes:
Ucc %
I’sc = Isc
U’cc %
(2) The calculated values refer to a U20 voltage of 400 V. for different U’20 values, do multiply In and Isc the following
k times:
U’20 [V] 220 380 400 415 440 480 500 660 690
ABB SACE
Protection of lines
The choice of the circuit breakers for switching and protection of the lines means the
perfect knowledge of:
•rated operating line current lB
•max admissable cable current lZ
•presumed short circuit current in the point of installation of the circuit breaker Icc
ABB SACE
Protection of lines
The correct circuit breaker must be apt to satisfy the following conditions:
•it must own short circuit breaking power (lcu or eventually lcs) greater or equal
to the short circuit current lcc
•it must use a protection release so that its overload setting current ln (l1)
satisfies the relation lB < ln < lZ
•the let through energy (l2t) that flows through the circuit breaker must be
lesser or equal to the maximal one allowed by the cable (K²S²)
ABB SACE
Protection of lines
As far as the verification required by the IEC 364 standard, according to which
the overload protection must have an intervention current lf that assures the
operation for a value lesser than 1,45 lz (lf < 1,45 lz), we must state that it is
always verified for SACE CBs since those are IEC 60947-2 standard compliant
and the value is less than 1,3 ln.
ABB SACE
Primary and secondary distribution
Selective protection
ABB SACE
Primary and secondary distribution
ABB SACE
Primary and secondary distribution
ABB SACE
Primary and secondary distribution
ABB SACE
Primary and secondary distribution
B A
ImB ImA
ABB SACE
Primary and secondary distribution
ABB SACE
Primary and secondary distribution
B A
Total selectivity
ABB SACE
Primary and secondary distribution
Switchboard A 2500 kVA
(fault current 57,5 kA)
E4S40
with PR112
400V
E2N20
with PR111
400V
T5H 630
with PR222
ABB SACE
Primary and secondary distribution
ABB SACE
ABB SACE
ABB SACE
Primary and secondary distribution
Back-up protection
ABB SACE
Primary and secondary distribution
In the figure, the circuit breaker B, downwards in respect with A, might have a
short circuit breaking capacity lesser than the presumed short circuit current in
case of fault in C if the circuit breaker A satisfies at all the two following
conditions:
•it own correct short circuit power (greater or equal to the presumed short
circuit current in its installation point and obviously greater than the short circuit
current in C)
•in case of fault in C with short circuit values greater than the short circuit
breaking capacity of circuit breaker B, the circuit breaker A must limit the let
through energy by tapering it to a correct value than can be stood by the circuit
breaker B and by the protected lines
ABB SACE
Primary and secondary distribution
ABB SACE
Primary and secondary distribution
T4N 65 [kA]
T4S - T5N - E1B - E2B 85 [kA]
T4H - T5S - T5H - S7H - E2N 100 [kA]
ABB SACE
Back up protection application example
T4L 250
100 kA !!!
ABB SACE
ABB SACE
Solution for selectivity
S6L 800
100 kA
ABB SACE
Selectivity Table
ABB SACE
ABB SACE