PROTECTION OF WILDLIFE ANIMALS

SUMITTED TO: Dr. NUPOOR TANDAN (2013PPE5149)

SUBMITTED BY: PRABHAT KUMAR

BACKGROUND:
A. Habitat: an area with the combination of resources (food, cover, and water) that allows for a species to survive. B. Habitat requirements vary by species

Generalist species
Specialist species Migratory species

GENERALIST SPECIES (DEFINED)

Generalist species are common and widely distributed; they can usually tolerate a range of climates, have broad dietary and nesting/breeding needs, and can adapt fairly well to humans.

GENERALIST SPECIES EXAMPLES:

White-tailed deer

Coyote

SPECIALIST SPECIES (DEFINED)

Specialist species are usually limited by a narrow habitat, either by preference, tolerance of habitat destruction; characteristics include tolerating a limited climate range, need for specific diets and/or breeding/nesting sites an an inability to adapt to humans.

MIGRATORY SPECIES (DEFINED)

Migratory species are animals that periodically or regularly move from one area to another for the purposes of breeding, food forage, and/or to avoid extreme climatic conditions; migratory patterns can range from thousands of miles to less than 30, depending on the species.

THREATS TO WILDLIFE:
A.

B.
C. D. E.

Habitat Fragmentation and Loss Conflict over habitat management Human Disturbance of wildlife Recreational disturbances Poaching is the illegal killing of wildlife

HABITAT FRAGMENTATION AND LOSS

1.Fragmentation is the severe subdivision of once continuous habitat areas. 2.Land development fragmentations causes habitat

3. Fragmentation can result in an out-right loss of habitat as well as blocking migration routes.

CONFLICT OVER HABITAT MANAGEMENT

Rights of private land owners regularly conflict with the concept of conservation and ecosystem management. One exception to this rule is in an endangered species case, the land owner is obligated by law to conserve the species

HUMAN DISTURBANCE OF WILDLIFE

Many species dependent on wilderness are unable to handle human interaction. Some wilderness-dependent species become aggressive when they come into human contact. Some species elect to move when they come into contact with humans. Sometimes this is not possible

RECREATIONAL DISTURBANCES

Campers, hikers, fisherman, boaters, atvs all impact the environment. Recreational users need to respect the land. Some activities ( hunting, fishing) are prohibited in sensitive areas.

POACHING: THE ILLEGAL KILLING

Poaching-killing protected species,killing out of season, hunting in protected areas, killing animals protected by sex or size, killing animals by illegal methods, or illegal collection of specimens

WILDLIFE ANIMALS PROTECTION MEASURES:

Habitat Management Habitat Management refers to taking care of the habitat of the wildlife, so that they feel at home, safe and secure. Study of different kind of habitats, devising ways of protecting it, its preservation and regular checking of these habitats through census and statistical data help a great deal in working out a plan of action in managing a habitat and the species therein.

HABITAT CREATION:
National Park Biosphere Reserve Sanctuary Zoological Parks Botanical Gardens

REINTRODUCTION

Several endangered species were allowed to flourish in places and habitats that suited them. These places were similar to their original habitats. Later, they were introduced to protected areas such as parks and reserves and also to their original habitats after they were found fit to fight for survival.

PROTECTION BY LAW:

Wild Life (Protection) Act 1972:

As per this act, prior permission from competent authorities is essential before tampering with wild life and poaching is punishable under law.

Wildlife Protection Amendment Act 1991 :

Making punishments more stringent. Also made provisions for the protection of Endangered species of wild Animals

SPECIAL SCHEMES:
PROJECT TIGER(1973): Main objective is to ensure maintanance of viable population of tigers in india for scientific,asthetic,cultural and ecological values. Initially launched in 9 Tiger reserves but now increased to 27 Tiger reserves in 17 states.

REFERENCES:

PROJECT ELEPHANT(1992): It is being implemented in 13 states. Aims at ensuring long term survival of identified viable population of elephants in their natural habitat.

SOME OTHER PROJECTS (BY GOI):

Crocodile Breeding Project Project Hangul Conservation of Himalayan Musk Deer

AWARENESS AND MASS EDUCATION:

Awareness about wild life is essential for protecting and appreciating them. People can be encouraged and educated to participate in the preservation processes in a number of ways.

SOME OF THE WAYS OF INCREASING AWARENESS LEVELS ON WILD LIFE ARE:

Celebrating different days dedicated to different species of wildlife. Bringing publicity to this issue through media, film shows, talks, discussions and documentaries. Arranging tours for people and children to seminars and lectures and to areas with wild life such as the local zoo. Making children participate through nature clubs in educational institutions and at community level. Publishing and promoting books and journals on wild life. Supporting the establishment of natural history museums.

CONCLUSION:
We should be aware, read, talk and participate in wild life protection measures as much as we can as we live in inter-dependence with them in various ecosystems and wild life is also a heritage that deserves to be protected like other heritages of the world.