INTRODUCTION

STEALTH evading undetected

STEALTH TECHNOLOGY also known as LOT , it is a combination of technologies used to incorporate stealth for defense purpose.
STEALTH IN AIRCRAFT making it difficult for radar and IR to detect or spot. Also USED in missiles , ships , submarines .

HISTORY
Prehistoric cavemen used leaves and mud during hunting. 1900s concept of camouflage aircrafts and ground units , radar technology was developed 1945 Hornet ho 229 used carbon powder coat to absorb radiation. 1971 Lockheed martin took up the model developed by Petr Ufimtsev ,made a program named ECHO. Built F-117 and B-2 bomber.

RADAR & Its Principles

RADAR Radio Detection And Ranging.

ECHO study of waves bouncing of the surface and coming back to source.
Helped in studying the signature of the aircraft. Could detect time and distance of target.

DOPPLER SHIFT study of waves that are reflected back with varying frequencies.
Helped in detecting the speed of the target.

A stealth aircraft has to be stealthy in 5 disciplines: radar, infrared, visual, acoustic and smoke and contrail. If you don't do that, you flunk the course. ~BEN RICH

LOCKHEED MARTIN F-117 NIGHT HAWK

TECHNIQUES USED TO ACHIEVE STEALTH

RADAR CROSS SECTION REDUCTIONS (RCS)
PHYSICAL SHAPE OF AIRCRAFTS (RAS). RADIATION ABSORBING MATERIALS (RAM).

ACOUSTICS INFRARED

VISIBILITY
PLASMA

 PHYSICAL SHAPE OF AN AIRCRAFT

EDGES WERE MADE SHARP
TAILS ARE THE MAIN SOURCE OF DETECTION. INTERNAL HOUSING OF MISSILES AND LANDING GEARS.

RAM
USES SPEACIAL SURFACE COATINGS TO ABSORB AND REDIRECT THE INCOMING WAVES

B-1B LANCER VERTICAL TAIL (90 DEGREE)

B-2 BOMBER NO TAIL (STEALTH)

F-117 V-TAIL (BETTER STEALTH)

F-18 SUPER HORNET

EXTERNAL MISSILE HOUSING

F-22 RAPTOR
INTERNAL MISSILE HOUSING STEALTH

ACOUSTICS
USES SPECIAL TYPES OF WINGS AND NOZZLES TO REDUCE OR MODIFY SOUND JET ENGINES REPLACED BY LOW SPEED TURBOFAN OR TURBO PROP

VISUAL STEALTH
Bird shaped vehicles Camouflage with sky . .

 IR: Infrared
Aircrafts heat signature Mainly at nose tip , air intake , missiles and exhausts. Engine placements are crucial Top secret technology
THERMAL IMAGING HEAT SIGNATURE

B2 STEALTH BOMBER AIR INTAKE AND EXHAUST

 PLASMA STEALTH
used as an active stealth Injects a stream of plasma around its body. Absorbs most of the EM waves of the radar. First developed by Soviet Russian Space program.

ADVANTAGES OF STEALTH
Reduces the causality rates during war Saving military budget Develop the military secretes Bluff the anti-detective device

ISSUES WITH STEALTH

Stealth aircraft cannot fly as fast as conventional aircraft Dog fight ability Can carry limited amount of load Not very economic B-2 cost [ $2 billion ] F-22 [$100 million] Wing shape does not provide the optimum the lift. Vulnerable modes of flight. Electromagnetic emissions.

CONCLUSION
The development of stealthy airplanes teaches several important lessons about technology. It is a combination of technologies. It also teaches that trail and error method is just not sufficient in this case .

REFERENCE
http://www.seminarprojects.com/Thread-stealthtechnology-in-aircraft-full report#ixzz1GycFXQtW en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Stealth_technology
science.howstuffworks.com www.encyclopedia.com