Theories of Development

Physical
Cognitive
Emotional and moral
Spiritual

Different for each
individual
Varies according to
time
Varies according to
space
YOUR Development
Micro world families, schools, friendships

Macro world our society, culture, its
political, economic and religious
institutions
What is cognition?
the act of knowing
Attention focusing perceptual processes
selective attention
Perception receiving and interpreting sensory
information taste, touch, smell, hearing etc
Memory process by which information that is
received through attention and perception is
stored in the central nervous system.

Interdependent processes

Piaget Intellectual Development
1896 1980
Cognition the childs
construction of reality
Human cognitive
development
product of interaction
between environment
and the infants
biological capacities
Schema and adaptation
A psychological structure that provides the
individual with a template for action in
similar circumstances.
The child learns to adapt behaviours to
different situations.
Piaget - Methodology
Naturalistic observations of infants and
young children
Presentations of situations in which to test
his hypotheses.
Piagets Spiral of knowing
Sensorimotor stage (0 2 yrs)
Preoperational Stage (2 7 yrs)
Concrete operations (7 11 yrs)
Formal operations (11 15 yrs)
Sensorimotor -
Sensorimotor stage
Use of reflexes (0-1month)
Primary circular reaction (1 -4)
Secondary circular reactions (5 8)
Intentional adaptations (8 12)
Discovery of new means (12 18)
Rudiments of representational thought
Preoperational Stage
Preoperational stage
Preconceptual period (2 -4 yrs)
Intuitive period (4 7)

Concrete operations (7 11)

Concrete operations (7 11)
Formal Operations (11 15)
Formal operations (11 15)

Deferred gratification

Introspection

Piaget 1896 - 1980
Kohlberg Moral Development

Maslow Self Actualisation

Group Activity Socialisation and
Development
What cultural identity is portrayed in your name?
What do you know about your familys history?
Do you understand yourself better when you consider this history?
Does your position in the family (eldest, youngest, only child etc)
affect who you are?
What has been the influence of school, peers, religion on who you
are now?
What aspects of the media have been most influential in forming
you?
Can you identify any other group that has helped to form the you of
now?
Can you identify the experiences that have been most important in
making you who you are?