Group Members

M.Asad Imtiaz (11-NTU-1052)

M.Ali Raza(11-NTU-1049)
Kanwar M.Eiraj Aslam (11-NTU-1039)
Calendaring Process in Textile
Presentation topic
What is calendering
Calendering is a mechanical finishing process used
on cloth where fabric is folded in half and passed
under rollers at high temperatures and pressures.
Calendering is used on fabrics such as moire to
produce its watered effect and also on cambric and
some types of sateens
Calendaring is a high speed ironing process that
primarily imparts lustre and is usually the final
treatment for the fabrics in the finishing sequence.
The basic principle of calendaring is to expose the
cloth to the combined effect of moisture, heat and
pressure until the fabric acquires a very smooth and
light reflecting surface and gets a good lustre
Effects of Calendaring on fabric
The calendaring effect on the fabric is usually
temporary and disappears after first washing.
Semi permanent lustre is sometimes achieved by
padding fabric in a sparingly soluble polyvinyl
acetate emulsion before calendaring, where the
solution acts as a binding agent. More permanent
finish can be obtained by treating fabric with a
solution of crease recovery reagent, followed by
drying, calendaring and curing the fabric at about
150 C.
Calendering process
The calendars are basically an assembly of heavy rolls,
alternatively of iron and paper or cotton that are normally
mounted in vertical frames. The rolls are bearing one on
the other under a high pressure that is applied by
compound levers or hydraulic or pneumatic equipment.
Paper or cotton rolls are made by compressing sheets of
paper and cotton under heavy pressure of hundreds of
tons and then finely turned to produce a smooth surface.
The iron rolls are also called chilled rolls because these
are hardened by sudden chilling of the red-hot rolls. These
are hollow so as to allow passage of steam or sometimes
gas-fire to heat these to different temperatures.
Calendering machine
M.Ali Raza
Nipco-Flex Calender (contd)
The pressure application concept of this calender is
different from the conventional calendering system.
The pressing roller consists of a rotating shell that is
covered with a highly elastic plastic material named
as RACOLAN. The roller has fixed axels on which
hydrostatic support elements are mounted that press
the racolan shell against either steel or a cotton/paper
roller. The hydrostatic pressure is applied with oil and
is adjustable according to width of the cloth. The
NIPCO roller can be arranged in vertical position or in
L shape with a hot steel roller at top and a cotton bowl
in front of it.
Nipco-Flex Calender
The main advantages of NIPCO calender over
a conventional calender are;
1. Attainment of very high pressure.
2. Adjustment of pressure line according to width
of cloth.
3. No over load at the fabric selvedge.
4. Easy installation and removal of the rollers.
Felt Calender
Felt calenders are mainly used for imparting
lustre and smoothness to silk, rayon and cotton
knitwear materials. These work at low pressure
and temperature than used for cotton. The cloth
is pressed between an endless felt blanket and a
hot steel cylinder at a speed of 20 to 40
meters/minutes. By adjusting speeds of the feed
and take up rollers the tubular knitwear can be
compacted to some extent on this calender
Eiraj Aslam
Calandering Machines (contd)
Pressure and Heated Roller Calender
By passing the cooling roller on its way out, along
with proper shrinkage techniques, the fabric that
goes through double sided calendering feels thin
and looks glossy.

Calandering Machines (contd)
Friction Calender
Our friction calender can improve the flatness,
softness, and glossiness of the fabric it processes
Calandering Machines (contd)
Two Roll Calender for Fabric
This two roll calendaring machine is used to flat
and calender cotton, chemical fiber, blend fabric,
and other fabrics. Compared with the three roll
fabric calendering machine; the missing of a roll
can reduce the pressure on the nylon roller,
thereby extending machine service life and
increasing its working temperature.

Calandering Machines (contd)
Three Roll Calender for FabricThe three roll
calender for fabric is able to increases the density
of the fabric, making it soft, glossy and flat after
the calendering process. There are several
choices for the soft roll, including nylon roll, cotton
roll, wool paper roll and rubber roll
Calandering Machines (contd)
Four Roll Calender for FabricThe four roll
calender for fabric can be used for flattening and
calendering various types of cottons, chemical
fibers, blended fabrics, and other fabrics.
Calandering Machines
Five Roll Calender for FabricThe five roll calender
for fabric is suitable for repeated or double-sided
calendaring. It is equipped with a nylon soft roller.
After processed by this machine, the fabric has its
density increased, softness improved, gloss
improved, and flatness improved.