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Seismic Response Analysis on A Very

Tall Building Considering Damper


Devices

Bodhinanda Chandra
Civil Engineering
1TE12854Y

Adviser:
Associate Professor Yukihide Kajita
Overview
1. Introduction
Sakishima Building
2011 Tohoku Earthquake
2. Experiment
Analytical Model
Objective
Cases
3. Results
4. Analysis
5. Conclusion
Introduction
[Osaka Prefecture Government Sakishima Building]
About 700km
Epicenter
Introduction
[Osaka Prefecture Government Sakishima Building]
A very tall building
Tallest Building in Osaka.
Second tallest building in Japan (after Yokohama
Landmark Tower).
Fourth tallest building in Japan (after Tokyo Sky Tree,
Tokyo Tower, and Yokohama Landmark Tower)
Location: Suminoe ku, Osaka city.
Introduction
[Osaka Prefecture Government Sakishima Building]
Details:
Finished at 1995
55 stories and topped by a sky lobby (56)
Height: 256 meters (840 feet)
Area: 11,000 m
Function:
Osaka Prefectural Government office, trade offices for
numerous companies, center of trade information,
museum, restaurants, observation deck, conference
rooms

Introduction
[Osaka Prefecture Government Sakishima Building]
Damage Report:
Some interior material and fire-retarding doors are damaged.
Some people are trapped temporarily in 4 elevators.
From the results of the visual examination and the ultrasonic
flaw detection of the beam and column members, the
structural soundness of the building frame is confirmed.
Introduction
[Pacific Coast Tohoku Earthquake 2011]
Time: March 11
th
2011
Magnitude: 9.0 Mw (Moment Magnitude Scale)
Epicenter: approximately 70 km east of the Oshika
Peninsula of Tohoku.
Hypocenter: approximately 30 km (underwater).
Tsunami Height: 40.5 m (max).
Main destruction: Sendai and Fukushima Area.
Effect:
15,833 deaths, 6,145 injured, and 2,671 people missing across
twenty prefectures.
129,225 buildings totally collapsed, 254,204 buildings 'half
collapsed', and another 691,766 buildings partially damaged.

0 50 100 150 200 250 300
-2000
-1500
-1000
-500
0
500
1000
1500
2000
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
-40
-20
0
20
40
0.1 1 10
0.1
1
10
100
1000
0.1 1 10
0.1
1
10
100
1000
Sendai
Max=1517gal
Osaka
Max=34gal
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Time (sec) Time (sec)
Period of the seismic wave (sec)
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Period of the seismic wave (sec)
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Observed Ground Acc record
Fourier spectrum
0.1 1 10
1
10
100
1000
10000
0.1 1 10
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
0.1 1 10
0.1
1
10
100
1000
10000
D
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Damping constant h=0.05
Sendai
Osaka
Osaka
Sendai
Period of the structure (sec)
Period of the structure (sec)
Period of the seismic wave (sec)
Fourier spectrum
F
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4 7
5 7
5 7
Experiment
[Analytical Model]
112 degrees of freedom model
1
st
natural period
5 sec through 7.8 sec
mass: constant
stiffness: variable
The 1
st
natural period of this
model for short/ long side
direction: 6.5 sec / 7.0 sec
The analytical model by the
design company
Experiment
[Objective and Cases]
Case Damper(s) Location
1 0 - (Without Damper)
2 38 (@k=1000) Top of the Building (37
th
56
th
floor)
3 38 (@k=1000) Bottom of the Building (1
st
20
th
floor)
4 38 (@k=1000) Real Location in the Real Building (8
th
27
th
floor)
5 38 (@k=1000) Middle part of the Building (18
th
27
th
floor)
6 38 (@k=2500) Real Location in the Real Building (8
th
27
th
floor)
Putting oil damper (energy absorber device) is used to minimalize the
response displacement by changing the mechanical energy into heat
energy.

In this analysis, the dampers dont absorb the energy, however,
decrease the natural period.

However, the money is limited to put the dampers in every floor.
Which one of these cases is the most effective way?
Results
[case 1 Without Damper]
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 8.5 9
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Natural period of the modeled building (sec)
Response Displacement on The 56th Floor
Osaka
Sendai
1
st

Period
4.9 5.2 5.4 5.7 6.1 6.5 7.1 7.8
2
nd

Period
0.79 0.83 0.87 0.92 0.97 1.04 1.13 1.25
Observed record: 137cm
Results
[case 1 Without Damper]
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 8.5 9
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Natural period of the modeled building (sec)
Osaka
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 8.5 9
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Natural period of the modeled building (sec)
Response Acceleration on The 56th Floor
Osaka
Sendai
enlargement
Results
[case 2 With Dampers (Top)]
Earthquake Resp. Disp (cm) Resp. Acc (cm/s2)
Osaka 112.47 106.00
Sendai 56.23 846.74
1
st
natural period
6.54 sec
Top of the Building (37
th
56
th
floor)
38 dampers (@k=1000)
Earthquake R. Disp (cm) R. Acc (cm/s2)
Osaka - 0.01 0
Sendai - 0.51 0.63
on The 56th Floor
Results
[case 3 With Dampers (Bottom)]
Earthquake Resp. Disp (cm) Resp. Acc (cm/s2)
Osaka 111.72 106.21
Sendai 56.58 855.76
1
st
natural period
6.49 sec
Bottom of the Building (1
st
20
th
floor)
38 dampers (@k=1000)
Earthquake R. Disp (cm) R. Acc (cm/s2)
Osaka - 0.76 0.21
Sendai 0.30 9.65
on The 56th Floor
Results
[case 4 With Dampers (Real Location)]
Earthquake Resp. Disp (cm) Resp. Acc (cm/s2)
Osaka 112.33 106.45
Sendai 56.41 852.69
1
st
natural period
6.51 sec
Real Location in the Building (8
th
27
th
floor)
38 dampers (@k=1000)
Earthquake R. Disp (cm) R. Acc (cm/s2)
Osaka - 0.15 0.45
Sendai 0.13 6.58
on The 56th Floor
Results
[case 5 With Dampers (Middle)]
Earthquake Resp. Disp (cm) Resp. Acc (cm/s2)
Osaka 112.50 106.22
Sendai 56.24 859.22
1
st
natural period
6.53 sec
Middle Part of the Building (18
th
37
th
floor)
38 dampers (@k=1000)
Earthquake R. Disp (cm) R. Acc (cm/s2)
Osaka 0.02 0.22
Sendai - 0.36 13.11
on The 56th Floor
Results
[case 6 With Rigid Dampers (Real Location)]
Earthquake Resp. Disp (cm) Resp. Acc (cm/s2)
Osaka 110.20 105.22
Sendai 56.87 862.15
1
st
natural period
6.46 sec
Real Location in the Building (8
th
27
th
floor)
38 dampers (@k=2500)
Earthquake R. Disp (cm) R. Acc (cm/s2)
Osaka - 2.28 -0.78
Sendai 0.60 15.39
on The 56th Floor
Analysis
[Natural Period]
Natural period (T) of the building defined by
= 2

, mass (m) = constant, stiffness (k) =


changing

Installing the dampers make the building become
more rigid therefore add the stiffness of the
building.
Respectively will decrease the natural period.
Higher k Lower T
Analysis
[Natural Period]
6.5465
6.5459
6.494
6.5142
6.5334
6.4676
6.42
6.44
6.46
6.48
6.5
6.52
6.54
6.56
Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Case 5 Case 6
N
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Analysis
[Osaka Case]
Analysis
[Sendai Case]
Analysis
[Response Displacement]
112.48
112.47
111.72
112.33
112.5
110.2
109
109.5
110
110.5
111
111.5
112
112.5
113
Case
1
Case
2
Case
3
Case
4
Case
5
Case
6
R
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a
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5
6
t
h

f
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)

56.279
56.228
56.584
56.409
56.243
56.877
55.8
56
56.2
56.4
56.6
56.8
57
Case
1
Case
2
Case
3
Case
4
Case
5
Case
6
Osaka Sendai
Conclusion
1. Vibration Difference
Sendai (short period wave)
floors move to different directions
short response displacement
high response acceleration
Osaka (long period wave)
all floors move to the same direction
high response displacement
low response acceleration
Conclusion
2. Location of the dampers
Same number of dampers with the same
stiffness in different location may differently
influence the whole building stiffness.
k1 < k2 < k5 < k4 < k3
The whole building stiffness is the one
who determine the natural period of the
building.
T3 < T4 < T5 < T2 < T1

Conclusion
3. Response Displacement
The whole building stiffness is changing,
thus, the response displacement is also
changing.
In this analysis, case 3 is the best case,
since it reduces the largest amount of
displacement.
Conclusion
4. More Accurate Calculation
Since the damper can not absorb energy,
the results of the experiment shows that the
case 3 is the best location to put the damper.
However in the real condition, when the oil
damper absorb the mechanic energy and
change it into heat energy, the results may
change. case 4 (as calculated by the
construction company)
THANK YOU VERY MUCH

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