Cell is the smallest entity that retains the properties of life. Cells arise only from cells that already exist. Cells are composed of proteins, lipids and a double layer of lipids.
Cell is the smallest entity that retains the properties of life. Cells arise only from cells that already exist. Cells are composed of proteins, lipids and a double layer of lipids.
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Cell is the smallest entity that retains the properties of life. Cells arise only from cells that already exist. Cells are composed of proteins, lipids and a double layer of lipids.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Cell Theory Cell Structure Cytoplasmic Organelles Special Structures of Plant Cells Cell Theory
Allliving things are made of one or
more cells The cell is the smallest entity that retains the properties of life New cells arise only from cells that already exist Cell Structure- Membrane A structure that surrounds the cytoplasm of the cell and regulates the movement of materials in and out of the cell Cell Structure- Protoplasm The entire contents of the cell Cell Structure- Nucleus The control centre of the cell Contains hereditary information Bonded by a double membrane Cell Structure- Cytoplasm A fluid that contains all cellular parts enclosed inside the plasma membrane except the nucleus Nucleus- Eukaryotic Cells A type of cell that has a true nucleus with a membrane surrounding it Nucleus- Prokaryotic Cell A type of cell that does not have a true nucleus Nucleus- Chromosomes Thread like structures in the nucleus that contain genes Chromosomes are composed of nucleic acid (DNA) and protein Nucleus- Genes Sections of a chromosome, each of which contains one set of instructions Nucleus- DNA DNA: Deoxyribosenucleic acid A molecule that carries genetic information in cells Nucleus- DNA Before a cell divides, each strand of DNA is duplicated and each daughter cell receives a complete set of DNA molecules Nucleus- Nucleolus Dark sphere inside the nucleus Contains RNA (ribonucleic acids) Nucleus- Nucleolus rRNA directs formation of ribosomes mRNA Passes through pores in nulcear membrane Goes to ribosomes as a copy of DNA Cell Membrane Outer most boundary of the cell Composed of proteins and a double layer of lipids (fat) moleculres Cell Membrane Holds contents of the cell in place Controls movements in and out of the cell Selectively permeable membrane let’s some things in and keeps some out Ribosomes Structures in cytoplasm important for production of proteins Flagella Some small animals use flagella as tails Ex. Sperm Cilia Many short, hair-like structures, help with movement You can find them in the human nose and respiratory system Electron Microscopes Electron microscopes have allowed scientist to observe dead and non-living things DNA under a electron microscope Cell Fractionation Cell fractionation allows scientists to learn about the chemical reactions occuring in a cell Cell components are separated by a centrifuge www.freewebs.com Cytoplasm Organelles- Mitochondria Function: Power house of the cell provides energy during cellular respiration (sugar + oxygen carbon dioxide and energy) Cytoplasm Organelles- Mitochondria Oval-shaped with a double membrane. Inner membrane is folded with projections called cristae Enzymes (speed up reaction) are located on the cristae Cytoplasm Organelles Note: The more active the cell, the more mitochondria it will have. Ex. Muscle cells have more mitochondria than fat cells Cytoplasm Organelles- Ribosomes Organelles on which proteins are synthesised Proteins are chains of small units called Amino Acids Cytoplasm Organelles- Ribosomes Properties of proteins are determined by the sequence of amino acids Ribosomes bond together amino acids in the order the DNA instructs them to Cytoplasm Organelles- Ribosomes Ribosomes are made of rRNA proteins They are very small organelles Cytoplasm Organelles- Endoplasmic Reticulum A network of interconnected canals that carry material thorugh the cytoplasm Like the subway system of the cell Cytoplasm Organelles- Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) Has many ribosomes attached to it Prominent in cells that secret protein Cytoplasm Organelles- Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Has no ribosomes attached In cells that synthesis fat (lipids) Cytoplasm Organelles- Golgi Apparatus Stores, modifies and packages proteins form the RER (Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum) Looks like a stack of pancakes, which are membranous sacs pilled on each other Cytoplasm Organelles- Golgi Apparatus Ends pinch off and form sacs full of proteins called vesicles Exocytosis vesicles empty their protein outside the cell Transport is the function of vesicles Cytoplasm Organelles- Lysosomes Have a single membrane Formed by the Golgi Apparatus Contain enzymes that break down molecules and cell parts in the cytoplasm Cytoplasm Organelles- Lysosomes Destroy harmful substances in the cell Pus is what is left over when the lysosomes in white blood cells engulf an invader bateria Cytoplasm Organelles- Lysosomes Lysosomes breakdown dead or damaged cells Cytoplasm Organelles- Microfilaments Microfilaments help provide shape and movement for the cells Muscle cells have my microfilaments Cytoplasm Organelles- Microtubules Microtubles transport material throughout the cytoplasm They are found in cilia and flagella Special Structures of Plant Cells Plant cells have a couple structures that are not found in animal cells Chloroplasts and cell walls