Professional Documents
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Network Technology
Semester 1 2004/2005
Chapter 2
Networking Media
Optical Media
Wireless Media
Cable Testing
Maximum distance
Coaxial Cable
Longer distance
Rollover
Copper Media
Installation of Fiber
Pull fiber through interducting (stiffer piping) to reduce
bends
Cleave (cut) & polish ends
Attach connector
Optical Media
Wireless Media
Standard Max. Typical Freq.
Bandwidth throughput Band
802.11b 11 Mbps 2-4 Mbps 2.4 GHz
(Wi-Fi)
802.11a 54 Mbps 20-26 Mbps 5 GHz
802.11g 54 Mbps 15-26 Mbps 2.4 GHz
Wireless Media
A wireless network may consist of as few as two devices
Access Point
Wireless NIC
Wireless Media
Wireless Connectivity
When a client is activated within the WLAN, it will start
"listening" for a compatible device with which to "associate".
A probe request is sent from the wireless node seeking to
join the network.
The probe request will contain the Service Set Identifier
(SSID) of the network it wishes to join.
When an AP with the same SSID is found, the AP will issue
a probe response.
The authentication and association steps are completed.
Wireless Media
Authentication and Association types
Unauthenticated and unassociated
Shared Key
LEAP (Cisco)
Encryption
Data authentication
Cable Testing
Inferior quality of network cabling results in network
failures and unreliable performance.
All media require testing to determine the quality.
Attenuation (signal deterioration) and noise (signal
interference) cause problems in networks because the
data is not recognizable when it is received.
Proper attachment of cable connectors and proper cable
installation are important.
Cable Testing
Cable Testing Standard
Wire map
Insertion loss
Return loss
Propagation delay
Cable length
Delay skew
Cable Testing
Cabling the LAN
Ethernet Media
Cabling the LAN
Ethernet Media
Cabling the LAN
Straight-through
Switch to router
Switch to PC or server
Hub to PC or server
Crossover
Switch to switch
Switch to hub
Hub to hub
Router to router
PC to PC
Router to PC
Rollover
A terminal and a console port
Cabling the LAN
Wireless networks use radio Frequency (RF), laser, infrared
(IR), or satellite/microwaves to carry signals from one
computer to another without a permanent cable connection.
A wireless network can be created with much less cabling than
other networks.
Cabling the LAN
In LAN design, no more than four repeaters can be
used between hosts on a LAN. This rule is used to limit
latency added to frame travel by each.
Using a hub changes the network topology from a
linear bus, where each device plugs directly into the
wire, to a star.
Bridge break up a large LAN into smaller, more easily
managed segments.
Switch alleviates congestion in Ethernet LANs by
reducing the traffic and increasing the bandwidth. It
operates at much higher speeds than bridges and can
support new functionality, such as virtual LANs.
Cabling the LAN