Ground Transportation

Introduction:
GPS is a only system to show you your exact position on
earth in any time.

Used in Aircrafts, Ships, vehicle Tracking

GPS-equipped fleet vehicles, public transportation
systems, delivery trucks, and courier services use
receivers to monitor their locations at all times.

GPS in Ground Transportation:
GPS can help to meet many of the transportation
challenges facing all modes of surface transportation.

It helps motorists to find their way by showing their
position and intended route on dashboard displays.

GPS offers efficiencies and safety for vehicles.



Cont

Problems with the routing and dispatch of commercial
vehicles is reduced or eliminated with the help of GPS.

Calculate current location, direction, time duration and
speed of travel.

It informs traffic jam and also provide reroute direction

How GPS Works in Ground
Transportation:

GPS receiver is mounted on the target vehicle.

It is capable of storing Unique ID and coordinates of its
location for every time.

GPS module has Latitude and Longitude of the vehicle,
Time and date.

Software was used to convert the latitude and the
longitude into the nearest landmark and then generate a
log-sheet giving the location of the bus at periodic
intervals.
Cont

GPS receivers have preloaded road maps and address
information.
From this, receiver can get efficient route using current
location, direction, speed of travel and time duration.
Allow to control routes of GPS sets.



Geographic Information System (GIS)
GIS is a combination of an electronic map and a
relational database.
GIS Stores, Analyzes, and Displays geographically
referenced information.
Used to,
-- Monitor vehicle location
-- keep transit vehicles on schedule and
-- Inform passengers of precise arrival times.
If a vehicle is running late or strays off route, an alert is
sent to the dispatcher.
Reduce maintenance and service costs and enhances the
safety of drivers.


Cont
Signal accuracy is not 100%.Error occurs in placing
GPS coordinates on GIS map.
Software overcomes problems and ensures that the bus
touches the enroute points as per schedule.
Road map of the city, landmarks were identified at every
200 meters length.


Automatic Passenger Counters

Collects data on passenger boarding and alighting by
time and location.

To register boardings and alightings , it use infrared
beams and treadle mats.

Two infrared beams are placed across the passengers
path.

As a passenger boards, he or she interrupts the beams in
a particular order, and the APC registers the boarding.

Cont
As a passenger alights, he or she interrupts the beams in
the reverse order, and the APC registers the alighting.

No of passengers in the bus.
Distance up to that they traveled.
Money collected on real-time basis.
Enabled central control station for the total computer
aided dispatch
Use of GPS in Traffic Conditions:

Radio Data SystemTraffic Message Channel (RDS-TMC),
-- Use FM sideband Technology
-- Information send from nearby FM towers.
General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)
-- Traffic information is sent via nearby cellular towers.
satellite radio
-- XM/Sirius satellite radio traffic services
MSN Direct
-- It compresses and decompresses data over FM
sidebands.

Advantages:
-- Utilized in navigation systems for vehicles
-- Re-scheduling /Re-routing services in case of traffic
jams, roadblocks.
-- Reduce malpractice and
-- Reduce Human error.

Disadvantages:
-- Inappropriate Routes
-- Overreliance






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