RURAL AND URBAN

DEVELOPMENT
THE NATURE OF RURAL
PROBLEMS
Rural problems pass various aspects like social,
economic, political, cultural and educational
activities. Such complexities of rural problem
requires specific and relevant solution based on
local resources and conditions. Not a few imported
Western rural development programs or specialist
have failed in the less developed countries.
RURAL DEVELOPMENT
EXPLAINED
Rural development is a continuous process. It is
primarily concerned with the optimum utilization
of resources-human, economic, social and physical,
in a given area through a systematic manner. It is
based on sound technical principle, and its main
objective is to raise the standard of the local
resident.
REAL AREAS-ROOTS OF POVERTY
The growth of modern science and technology has not
really reached most of the rural communities of the less
developed country. The world poorest are found in rural
areas of the poor countries. Economic opportunities are
extremely rare and hopes for a better future are dim for
them. Their dependence on primitive agriculture and
they are poorer if they do not own the land they are
cultivating.
SMALL FARMERS-THE RURAL
POOR
Tenants/Share croppers are farmers without land of
their own. Landless fatmer are many in Latin
America, and other third world countries.
HELPING THE RURAL POOR
Improving the structure of their institutions,
fashioning appropriate development strategies, and
better use available resources, such countries were
able to transform their rural areas from poverty to
prosperity.
RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE
PHILIPPINES
Most of the rural development projects were assisted by the United States
in the form of financial technical and commodity aid. Among the more
popular rural development institutions were the PACD (Presidential
Assistant on Community Development). PRRM (Philippine Rural
Reconstruction Movement) PRUIS (Philippine Rural Improvement
Service) and 4-H Clubs (Heart, hands, head and health) top priority is the
development of people-their attitude, values, knowledge and skills. The
strategy for rural development takes into consideration the needs,
problems and resources of every region in the country. The policy is to
provide more financial and technical assistance to depressed region in
order to develop an equitable rural development.
There are factors that can ensure the success of any
rural development such as the competence and
dedication of rural development specialist and
workers, and the attitude of the rural people
towards the program other is the availability of
funds for the project.
FILIPINO FARMERS AND RURAL
DEVELOPMENT
Rural development is basically agricultural
development. The best way to improve the social
and economic conditions of the farmers is to make
them the owners of the lands they have been
cultivating for many years.

SOME RURAL DEVELOPMENT
PROGRAMS/PROJECTS
Agrarian Reform Program
Cooperatives Development Program
Human Settlement Program
Community Development Program
Nutrition Program
Integrated Electrification Project
Fishing Resources Management
Medium & Small-Scale Industries
Family Planning
RURAL DEVELOPMENT
IN CHINA
CHINA-MODEL RULE
DEVELOPMENT
Solving the basic needs of the people does not only
imply a rapid increase in the production of goods
and services, but also redistribution of land and
other productive factors.
STAGE OF RURAL
DEVELOPMENT
MUTUAL AID TERM
the first step toward collectivization
They liked to increase their farm outputs but their
means of production are limited.

ELEMENTARY CO-OPERATIVES
Formed in 1953 which was the agricultural
producers cooperatives
The feature of this stage is their recognition of
individual property right in the system of income
distribution. Each year the member elected a
committee to manage their co-operative.
ADVANCE CO-OPERATIVE
The government extended financial and technical
assistance to advance cooperative.
An advanced co-operative had more resource to
buy farm machinery, undertake irrigation and flood
control projects and finance small scale rural
industries.
PEOPLE COMMUNES
The peoples communes proved effective in meeting
farm problems as well in improving the rural life of
the peasant. They worked together to provide relief
and to construct embankment and water wells.
Their organized effort greatly reduce the damage of
natural calamities of their farm.
LESSON FROM CHINA
Most of the people of China live in the rural areas.
Considering the increasing pressure of its huge population,
food supply became a critical problem.
China economic policy was based on the Russian model
which stressed heavy industry and urbanization through
central planning (employment, equality and satisfaction of
basic needs)
The success of China in rural development was not without
obstacle at the beginning of the transformation. There were
considerable political tension.
URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN
SOUTHEAST ASIA
This portion explains the urbanization of Southeast Asia
and the problems of its cities.
There has been a tremendous growth in world
population. People have been inclined to move towards
the cities and other urban center. Such massive influx of
rural people to the cities, together with the existing
population, explosion, has spawned more serious social
economic problems, especially in the third world
countries.
EUROPEAN CREATION
The nature of economic development under the
colonial powers was the strong emphasis on the
production of few agricultural crops, and the
exploitation of the mineral resources for the
international market. Obviously, this favored the
interests of the colonial masters.
A DUALISTIC SOCIETY
Modern cities in the region have been transformed
into dualistic structure. The wealthiest and the
poorest exist in the city. Not far from the most
elegant modern buildings and fashion able
sprawling mansion are the makeshift dilapidated
houses of the squatters and the poorest. And in not
a few cities, the slum dwellers live just behind the
modern tall building.
URBANIZATION IN LESS
DEVELOPED WORLD
The rapid urbanization of the less developed
countries has spawned illegal squatter settlements.
Such squatter problems have become the common
feature of the rapid population growth in cities of
the aforementioned countries.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE GREAT
CITIES
The indigenous city was small and short lived.
Agricultural states were capable of supporting large
urban centers. These served as the seat of government,
business, military and religious function.
The earliest cities founded by European in Southeast
Asian reflect colonial architectural layout and other
colonial features of urban planning.
SPANISH DEVELOPMENT OF
PHILIPPINE CITIES
Pre-Spanish time, most people lived in villages located in the
lake shores, river banks and other coastal communities.
The foreign traders come from Japan, China and Brunei.
Spanish colonizers in the Philippines, Manila was officially
designated as a Spanish city. Foreign trade immediately
centered in Manila. With the creation of the Galleon trade, the
products of the orient, especially China, were trade with silver
which was the medium of exchange of Mexico.
CITY AND TOWN PLANNING
The layouts of the cities and towns were adopted from
Mexico-also a Spanish Colony. The construction of a large
church and an adjacent huge convent was always done.
Settlements were physically and socially designed to suit the
existing social classes
Tondo became the principal source of native labor. Other
Filipinos lived around the edge of the City. Lay Spaniards
were prohibited from residing in Cabeceras (Settlements) This
made the principalia very prestigious in the cabeceras. They
live near the church.
URBANIZATION OF METRO
MANILA
The population of Manila has now about million people.
The major contributions of urban population were the
squatters and slum dwellers. Many of them were unskilled
and uneducated, and they were too many. The more
enterprising ones become sidewalk vendors and others went
to all sorts of odd jobs.
For administrative and economic efficiency, Manila together
with four other cities and 12 towns, has been converted into
one urban center called Metro Manila.
SINGAPORE: MODEL URBAN
PLANNING
Singapore has the highest per capita income in Asia second
to Japan just like any other rapidly growing urban society.
They also encountered problems like unemployment,
housing, traffic, sanitation, population, pressure, water and
electric supply.
The Singapore model is a good example of transforming a
concept. Theory or plan into an attainable reality succeeded in
accomplishing an urban development which is considered
phenomenal by Asia standards.
Its housing program is the best in Asia, including Japan.
HISTORY OF SINGAPORE
The island of Singapore is Southeast Asian mainland.
This makes it a natural gateway to the orient and the
Pacific. Through the effort of its industrious inhabitants,
the favorable location of the island was transformed into
one of the most important market places in South East
Asia
Singapore has the largest port in Asia and the fifth in the
world in terms of gross tonnage of traffic handled.