Screw Thread

Chapter 1
TOPICS
Introduction
Thread terminology
method of measuring and
inspection of metric V screw
thread
Introduction
FASTENING TYPE
1. Permanent
Welding Gluing Riveting
FASTENING TYPE
2.1 Threaded fastener
- bolts
- studs
- screws
2. Temporary
2.2 Non-threaded fastener
- keys
- pin
key
THREAD APPLICATION
1. To hold parts together.
2. To move part(s) relative to others.
Part A
Part B
Part C
THREAD APPLICATION
1. To hold parts together.
2. To move part(s) relative to others.
Wood working vise
Palm fruit pressing machine
Thread Terminology
External (male)
thread
Internal (female)
thread
THREAD TERMINOLOGY
A thread cut on the outside of
a cylindrical body.
A thread cut on the inside of
a cylindrical body.
Internal thread
External thread
Right-hand
thread
Thread that will assemble when
turned clockwise.
Left-hand
thread
Thread that will assemble when
turned counter-clockwise.
THREAD TERMINOLOGY
Turnbuckle use RH and LH thread at
each end to double displacement.
Crest
Root
Thread angle
THREAD TERMINOLOGY
The peak edge of a thread.
The bottom of the thread cut into
a cylindrical body.
The angle between threads faces.
Internal Thread External Thread
Crest
Root
Thread angle
Crest
Root
Major diameter
The largest diameter on
an internal or external thread.
Minor diameter
The smallest diameter on
an internal or external thread.
Internal Thread External Thread
M
i
n
o
r

d
i
a
.

M
a
j
o
r

d
i
a
.

THREAD TERMINOLOGY
M
i
n
o
r

d
i
a
.

M
a
j
o
r

d
i
a
.

Pitch
The distance between crests of
threads.
Lead
The distance a screw will advance
when turned 360
o
.
THREAD TERMINOLOGY
Internal Thread External Thread
Pitch
Pitch
Form is the profile shape of the
thread.
Thread Form
THREAD TERMINOLOGY
Example :
knuckle thread form
THREAD TERMINOLOGY
Let s think together
Label the thread element
A
B
F
D
C
E
G
(i) External thread (ii) Internal thread
ISO (METRIC) THREAD
External
thread
Internal
thread
Center of thread assembly
60
o
Pitch, P
P/4
P/8
Thread assemble occurs if and only if both (internal & external)
thread have an equal nominal size (or diameter) and pitch.
MEASURING THREAD
ELEMENTS
MAJOR DIAMETER
MINOR DIAMETER
PITCH DIAMETER

MEASURING THE MAJOR DIAMETER
Use micrometer
check to a cylindrical
standard of about the
same diameter as the
screw
anvils of a diameter
sufficient to span two
threads
MEASURING THE MINOR DIAMETER
Use micrometer with
a pair of vee pieces


Mean diameter value:
D
m
= W 2T

T
prism

W


Note :
Dm - Mean diameter
W - distance between two prism
T - prism height

MEASURING THE PITCH DIAMETER
Standard micrometer
three-wire method
three wires of equal diameter
are placed in the thread
wires - hardened and lapped
to three times the accuracy of
the thread to be inspected
Wire
Distance
measured
Max. Wire
Best Wire
Min. Wire
BEST WIRES
- touch the thread at the
pitch diameter

- least affected by errors
from angle of thread
MEASURING THE PITCH DIAMETER
Thread
Form
Max.
Wire
Min.
Wire
Best
Wire
Size range for
Best wire
ISO metric
and
Unified
1.01p 0.505p 0.557p 0.534p
0.620p
Whitworth 0.853p 0.506p 0.564p 0.535p
0.593p
Three-wire Method
Wire sizes for thread measurement
( p = pitch of thread)
MEASURING THE MEAN DIAMETER

B
C
D
W
D
E
P/2
r
A
h
E
60
o

Pitch (P)

2

W = Distance over wires

D
E
= Pitch/ Effective Diameter
D
w
= Wire diameter
= 60
0

Three-wire Method
MEASURING THE PITCH DIAMETER

Special Adaptation
For Common Thread
Three-wire Method
ISO metric and unified (a)



Whitworth (b)


W= distance wire
D= diameter
d= best wire diameter
p=pitch


MEASURING THE PITCH DIAMETER
Three-wire Method
W=D +3d- 1.5156p
W= D + 3.165d - 1.6 p
THREAD TERMINOLOGY
Let s think together
Determine the distance of wire by using best wire sizes
Given wire for M 20 x 2.5 ISO metric thread

a) Find best wire sizes
b) Calculate the distance of wire
Optical comparator/projector
Projector Screen
Condenser Lens
Screen rotation
knob
Surface illuminator
Screen clamp
knob
X, Y counter
Focusing wheel
Control Panel
Projector Head
Angle counter
X axis wheel
Y axis wheel
Principle of optical comparator/projector
Light
Condenser lens
Shadow
Image
Mirror
Screen
CHECK THE ANGLE OF A 60
O
THREAD USING AN
OPTICAL COMPARATOR

1) Mount the correct lens in the comparator.
2) Mount the tilting work centres on the micrometer cross-slide stage.
3) Set the tilting work centres to the helix angle of the thread.
4) Set the work piece between centres.
5) Mount the vernier protractor chart and align it horizontally
on the screen.
6) Turn on the light switch.
7) Focus the lens so that a clear image appears on the screen.
8) Move the micrometer cross-slide stage until the thread
image is centralized on the screen.
9) Remove the vernier protractor chart to show a
reading of 30
o
.
10) Adjust the cross-slides until the image coincides
with the protector line.
11) Check the other side of the thread in the
same manner.
helix
angle
THREAD TERMINOLOGY
Let s think together
a) State the advantage of optical comparator
b) List the disadvantage of optical comparator