SUGUMAR.

D, IEEE,AMIE
Assistant Professor,
ECE Department,
Karunya University.
Digital Signal Processing
and
its Application
9/2/2014 1 Karunya University
Signals
Systems
DSPing & DSPer
Finite Precision Numerical Effects (Unit4)
Overview
9/2/2014
Karunya University
2
1.What is Signal?
Examples of Signals
Types of Signals
2 Basic concepts about system
(1) System
Device or technology of signal processing.
(2) Analog system
System with analog input and output.
(3) Digital system
System with digital input and output.
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Signals and Systems
Basic model:

Input: x Output: y
System: h
DSPFPGASOPCSOCAlgorithm Codes
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x y
Given x and h, find y analysis
Given h and y, find x control
Given x and y, find h design or synthesis
h
Three Problems
Processing of analog signal with digital methods
(1) Digitalized process for analog signals
Sample Quantizer Coder
x
a
(t) x(n)
(2) Digital processing method
A/D DSP D/A x
a
(t) y
a
(t) Filter
x(n) y(n)
Filter
Feature of Digital System
(1) High accuracy: Floating point-8,16,32,64 bits
(2) High reliability: VLSI (analog: drift, calibration)
(3) Flexible: DSP, Software, FPGA, VHDL
(4) Easy to integrate
(5) Deal with high dimensional signals
(6) Low costs: reusable, reconfigurable
Advantages
(7) Data logging
(8) Adaptive capability
Disadvantages
Complex: cost and speed

K
Xa(t) Ya(t)
Analog Signal Processing
A/D DSP D/A x
a
(t) y
a
(t) Filter
x(n) y(n)
Filter
Digital Signal Processing
3.Goals of DSP
Digital Signal Processing Basics
A basic DSP system is composed of:
An ADC providing digital samples of an analog input
A Digital Processing system (P/ASIC/FPGA)
A DAC converting processed samples to analog output
Real-time signal processing: All processing operation must be
complete between two consecutive samples

What Is DSP?
a bit loud
Analog Computer
Digital Computer
ADC
DSP
DAC OUTPUT
1010 1001
A Typical DSP System
DSP Chip
Memory
Converters (Optional)
Analog to Digital
Digital to Analog
Communication Ports
Serial
Parallel
DSP
MEMORY
ADC
PORTS
DAC
Typical System Components
ADC and Sampling
An ADC performs the following:
Sampling
Quantization
Binary Coding
Sampling rate must be at least twice as much
as the highest frequency component of the
analog input signal
ADC and DAC
Pros and Cons of DSP
Contribution in the Field
Applications
Applications:
Voice recognition
security systems

Speech recognition
Computer interfaces

Study of animals communication
songbirds
IMAGE PROCESSING
Pattern recognition
Robotic vision
Image enhancement
Satellite weather map
animation
INSTRUMENTATION & CONTROL
Spectrum analysis
Position and rate control
Noise reduction
Data compression
SPEECH & AUDIO
Speech recognition
Speech synthesis
Text to speech
digital audio
MILITARY
Secure communication
Radar processing
Sonar processing
Missile guidance
TELECOMMUNICATION
Echo cancellation
Adaptive equalization
Video conferencing
data communication Biomedical
Patient monitoring
Scanners
ECG (Electrocardiograph)
X-ray storage/enhancement
Consumer applications
digital, cellar mobile phones
universal mobile telecommunication system
digital television
digital camera
internet music, phones and video
digital answer machines, fax and modems
voice mail system
interactive entertainment systems
Study Case
current
Signal
Conditioning
voltage
freq
temp
humidity
Analog
Switches
CPU
A/D MEMO DISP
PC
Printer
Electrical/non-
electrical
measurement
Automatic test system
Analog/Digital
Circuits
Digital Signal Processing
Environment monitoring
System
When you
speak, your
voice is picked
up by an
analog sensor
in the cell
phones
microphone
An analog-to-digital
converter chip converts
your voice, which is an
analog signal, into digital
signals, represented by
1s and 0s.
The DSP
compresses the
digital signals and
removes
background noise.
In the listeners
cell phone, a
digital-to-analog
converter chip
changes the
digital signals
back to an analog
voice signal.
Your voice
exits the
phone through
the speaker.



MORE APPLICATIONS
A MP3 Player
Finite Precision Numerical
Effects
Quote
When you look at yourself from a universal standpoint, something
inside always reminds or informs you that there are bigger and
better things to worry about.

Albert Einstein
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Education in the New System
Shift emphasis from
Training to education
Teaching to learning (teacher to student)
Passive to active (and interactive)
Process to concept (concept inventory)
Understand to discover

Need research in learning technical material
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Technology for Education
Matlab, Mathematica, Maple, LabView

OCW, Connexions, Wikipedia, Google

Desktop, laptop, hand-held, mobile phone
plus Internet; social software systems
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Open Educational Resources
The Open Educational Resource (OER)
movement was inspired by the Open Source
movement in software.

Open Course Ware OCW (MIT)
Connexions Cnx (Rice)
Wikipedia (Wikibooks, etc.)
Creative Commons CC (Stanford, Duke)
Curriki, PLoS, EOL, Shuttleworth's Siyavula
Project, CK-12 Project, OSI, etc.
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Interactive, Dynamic Virtual Lab
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Multimedia
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Matlab
www.mathworks.com
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Connexions Now
Usage
Repository: 7300 modules, 20,000 revisions, 405 courses or
books, 7200 author accounts, 147 countries, print-on-demand
books
In Oct. 2008: 17M hits, 1.0M pages views, 520K unique users
from 157 countries

Globalization
Europe: Germany, Norway, England, etc.
Asia: China, India, Pakistan, Japan, Vietnam, Korea
Africa: South Africa
LACCEI: (conversation with Mexico, Argentina, Brazil, Chile,
and Uruguay started)

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Signal Processing Web Sites
DSP an Rice: http://www-dsp.rice.edu/
DSP at MIT: http://www.rle.mit.edu/
Connexions at Rice: http://cnx.org/
OCW at MIT:
Georgia Tech, Univ. of Illinois, University of
Texas, Princeton, Stanford
Bibliography
Discrete-time signal processing. Oppenheim and Schafer, 1999.

Introductory digital signal processing with computer applications. Lynn
and Fuerst, 1994.

Digital Signal Processing - A practical approch, Ifeachor and Jervis,
1993.

Fundamentals of digital signal processing, Luderman, 1987.

Digital filters - Analysis, design and applications, Antoniou, 1993.

The fast Fourier transform. Brigham, 1974.

Computer-based exercises for signal processing using MATLAB, C.S.
Burrus et al., 1994.

MATLAB Wavelets toolbox manual, Mathworks 1997.