Q1: How many steps of batu cave stair?

Q2: What is the height of the stair? answer:

Q3: How to measure our work or energy
when climb a stair?
Q4: Who has a big power to delivered up
the stair?

Pupils should be able to
define work done as work done = force distance
moved in the direction of the force.
apply the relationship between work done, force and
distance moved in the direction of the force to new
situations or to solve related problems.
Lesson objectives
Work, Energy & Power

Lesson Trigger
Class, have you
done your work?
I have done my
work, Teacher.

Work is a force related quantity.

Applying a force to
strike the tennis ball
you are doing work on
the ball.
Applying a force to lift
your body weight up the
stairs you are doing
work against gravity.
Pulling you down
during a dive the
Earth is doing
work on you.
Applying a force to
drag the bag you are
doing work against
friction.
A force MUST be applied on an object in order for work to be done.

(a) you push against the wall
(b) a man carries a bag of gold on his hand and SLIDES
across the room.
100 N
No work is done when
A force is applied but the object
does not move.
A force is applied, but the
object does not move in the
direction of the applied force.

The SI unit for work is the joule (J).

To a scientist, work W is done whenever a force F makes an
object move a certain distance D in the direction of the force.
Work = Force Distance
in the direction of applied force

1 J = 1 N m
N m
The greater the force, and the further it moves, the more work is done.
Defining Work
1 joule is defined as the amount of work done when a
force of 1 N moves an object 1 m in the direction
applied force.

Work
Work involves force
Provides a link between force and energy







Scalar quantity
Unit = Joule, J
x
F
x F W
Work, cont.

F is the magnitude of
the force
x is the magnitude
of the objects
displacement
q is the angle
between
x ) cos F ( W q
and F x
(a) Work done against friction
Work is done against friction when a force is applied to move an
object in contact with a surface over a certain distance.
Need to apply a force = 28 N to
overcome friction.
(b) Work done against gravity
Work is done against gravity when a force is
applied to lift an object to greater height in a
gravitational field.
Nature of Work Done
1.5 m
200 N
Need to apply a force = weight of the
load to overcome gravitational pull.
A piece of log is dragged 1.5 m along a slope with a pulling force of 1 600 N.
Friction between the log and the slope surface is 1 200 N.
(a) Calculate the work done against friction.
(b) State and explain whether the log will move up the slope with a uniform
speed.



W
friction
= Friction distance
= 1 200 1.5
= 1 800 J
The log should accelerate up the slope, as there is a net force
acting on it.
F
net
= 1 600 1 200 = 400 N
Sample Calculation 1

Mr Tan of mass 95 kg is running up to the 5
th
floor of his HDB flat, 12.0 m
away from the ground floor. How much work does he do against gravity?
Mr Tan is moving up against gravity. He has
to apply a force = his body weight to
overcome the pull of gravity.
WD
gravity
= Force distance
= weight distance
= 950 12.0
= 11 400 J
Sample Calculation 2

Pupils should be able to
understand that kinetic energy, elastic potential energy, gravitational
potential energy; chemical potential energy and thermal energy are
different forms of energy.
state and apply the principle of the conservation of energy.
state that kinetic energy is E
k
= mv
2
and gravitational potential energy
E
p
=mgh (for potential energy changes near the Earths surface).
apply the relationship for kinetic and potential energy to new situations or
to solve related problems.
Lesson objectives
Work, Energy & Power
Think about and write down what you know about any kind of
energy. Write down whatever that comes to your mind when you
think about the term energy.
Energy
Kinetic energy
energy due to motion,
all moving objects have it.
Potential energy

Electrical energy

Nuclear energy

Sound energy

Heat energy

Mechanical energy

internal energy


Energy is defined as the ability to do work. You make use of
different types of energy to help you do work in your everyday life.
Defining Energy
The SI unit of energy is joule, symbol J.

Potential energy is defined as stored up energy, waiting to be used.
When released, it is capable of doing work.
Potential
energy
1 Elastic potential energy
2 Chemical potential energy
3 Gravitational potential energy
gravitational
potential energy
elastic
potential energy
chemical
potential energy
When an object stores energy as the result of its position in a
gravitational force field, the object is said to possess Gravitational
Potential energy, PE
gravity

The ram of a pile driver possesses
gravitational potential energy.
It is capable of doing work on the wooden pole.
When released, it applies a force F to move the
wooden pole a distance h into the ground.
Example
ram
wooden pole
h

Work done = F D = mgh
= mg F

ram
wooden pole
F = mg
h

PE
gravity
= mgh
Hence gravitational potential energy PE
gravity
is given as:
mass in kg
gravitational field strength
g = 10 N/kg
height in m
The SI unit of PE
gravity
is joule, symbol J.

In a rescue operation, a 75 kg rescuer is raised to a height 12 m
above ground. Calculate his gain in Gravitational PE.





PE = mgh
Quick Practice (3 min)
TB pg 121 Q3
= 75 10 12
= 9 000 J
A body in motion is capable of doing work. It is said to possess
Kinetic Energy, KE.
A swinging mallet has kinetic energy, When it strikes the ball with
a force F, it causes the ball to move a certain distance D in the
direction of the force, producing work.
W = F D


Outcomes:

Calculate the
form of energy
by using
formula
Kinetic Energy
and Potential
Energy.
Definition : Kinetic energy is energy due to the motion.
Mass, m of F1
car in kg
Kinetic energy
Formula:
KE = m v
2

Where:
m = mass (kg)
v = velocity (ms
-1
)
SI Unit : Joule (J)
The kinetic energy KE of a body is given as:
KE

= mv
2

The greater the speed v of a moving body, the greater is its
kinetic energy.
The greater the mass mof the moving body, the greater is its
kinetic energy.
J kg
m/s
We are equally fast,
but I have greater
KE than you
I am faster. I
have greater
KE than you

(i) Ali jogs at a uniform speed of 7.5 m/s. Calculate his kinetic
energy if his mass is 65 kg .
(ii) How will his KE change if he slows down his motion?
As KE is depending on speed of motion, if he slows down,
his KE will decrease.
KE = mv
2

= 65 7.5
2

V = 1 828.125 J
1.8 10
3
J
Quick Practice (3 min)
TB pg 121 Q2

The energy of a body is always converted from one form to another
during work done.
Work is done against gravity when a car is driven up a slope.
Example
Chemical E
p

(petrol)
Gravitational E
p

(car gains height)
If the car accelerates up the hill, then:
Chemical E
p

(petrol)
Gravitational E
p

(car gains height)
+

E
k

(car speeds
up)
More petrol will be burnt to
release more Chemical E
p
to
accelerate the car.

(a) A car is brought to rest when the driver applies brake.





(i) What kind of work is done?
(ii) State the energy change.
Work is done against friction when the car is braked.


Quick Check
E
k

moving car
Heat Energy + Sound Energy


Energy cannot be created nor destroyed. It can be converted from
one form into another, during which time, work is always done.
In any closed system, the total amount of energy remains
constant before and after work done, regardless of any process
which takes place.


Outcomes:


Describe
conversion
from one form
to another
form





(a) Mr. Tan lifts a 200 kg weight to a point 1.8 m above ground.
Calculate the gain in gravitational E
p
at its greatest height.
(b) Mr Tan releases his grips and the weight drops vertically down.
(i) What is the kinetic energy just before it strikes the ground ?
(ii) Determine the maximum speed of the weight.
E
p
= mgh
= 200 10 1.8
= 3 600 J 1.8 m
E
k
= E
p

= 3 600 J
E
k
= mv
2

3 600 = 200 v
2
v = 6 m/s

(c) (i) State the assumption you are making in the calculation in (b).
(ii) what is the significant of this assuption?
E
p
= mgh
= 200 10 1.8
= 3 600 J 1.8 m
E
k
= E
p

= 3 600 J
We assume that air resistance is negligible, no work is done to
overcome air resistance.
When air resistance is negligible:
E
p

lost
= E
k

gain
.
Otherwise,
E
p

lost
= E
k

gain
+ work done against air resistance.
Quick Practice (3 min)
TB pg 123 Q8
If little Nellie Newton lifts her
40kg body a distance of 0.25m in
2 seconds, then what is the
power delivered by little Nellie's
biceps?
Solution
The work done is,
W = F x s
= mg x s
= 40kg (9.81) x 0.25 m
= 100 J
0.25m
Hence, the power is
P = W
t
= 100 J
2 s
= 50 Watt


Outcomes:

Apply the
concept and
formula of
work, energy
and power in
solving the
related
problems.
Efficiency of work

Efficiency of power


Outcomes:

Calculate the
efficiency of
mechanical
system
efficiency.
Efficiency is the ratio between the useful power delivered by
the motor and the power that you supply to the engine.

Efficiency has no unit and is usually expressed in%.
Mechanical system efficiency
% 100
input Work

output Work
% 100
input Power

output Power

Pupils should be able to

Recall the relationship power = work done time taken.

apply the relationship between power, work done and time
taken to new situations or to solve related problems.
Lesson objectives
Work, Energy & Power

http://youtube.com/watch?v=xzKrSTx4Imo http://youtube.com/watch?v=X666_Y7C_tg
How do we measure power?
SI unit - joule per second (J/s)
Power is a force related quantity. It measures the rate of
work done or energy conversion.
Power =
work done
time
Energy converted
time
=
J
s
Another unit, watt (W) is also used.

1 W = 1 J/s

Mr Tan of mass 95 kg is running up to the 5
th
floor of his HDB flat, 12 m
away from the ground floor. If he is able to reach the 5
th
floor within 35 s,
What is the power developed by him?
Mr Tan is moving up against gravity. He has
to apply a force of at least equal to his
body weight to overcome the pull of gravity.

His work done = Force distance
= 950 12
= 11 400 J
His power = work done time
= 11 400 35
= 325 W
Sample Calculation 6
Summary
Understand the examples of different forms of energy.
By the end of this lesson pupils are able to:
State the principle of the conservation of energy.
Solve problems using the principle of the conservation of energy.
State that kinetic energy is E
k
= mv
2
and gravitational potential energy
E
p
= mgh.
Solve problems using the relationships for kinetic energy and potential
energy.
Solve problems using the relationship work done = force distance moved
in the direction of the force.
Solve problems using the relationship power = work done time taken.