Rock Reinforcement SDA SWX RFX

Atlas Copco Geotechnical Drilling and Exploration
Rock Reinforcement
Ing. Rudy Dante Aguilar Icho
GDE Sales Conference 2007
Contenido
SDA- Self Drilling Anchors
Swellex
Swellex Pumps
MAI Pump M400NT
Roofex (2008)

11/27/2014
Rock Reinforcement
Markets by application, domains and rock type
Surface (Slope Stabilization & Piling)
Hard Rock
Soil / weak Rock
Increasing
Stresses
Underground (Tunneling & Mining)

11/27/2014
U/G
Productos MAI de sostenimiento de rocas
Roca dura
Suelo / Roca dbil
Superficie (Estabilizacion de taludes y pilotes)
Subterrneo (Minera & Tunelera)

11/27/2014
SDA Product Line
Barsproduced from 12m long pipes

And cut to size 1m,2m,3m,4mand 6m
Drill bits
Face plates, Nuts & Couplings
Grout Pump

11/27/2014
SDA Pernos auto perforables

A ) Elementos funcionales
B) Elementos operacionales
Barra de anclaje
Extensiones
Platina
Tuerca
Brocas y centralizadores
MAI SDA = Self Drilling Hollow Core Anchor System

11/27/2014
SDA Mtodos de Instalacin
Perforacin
Inyeccin de cemento
Instalacin de la platina
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MAI-SDA: Grouting method

Connecting grout hose
Drilling
1
3
Grouting with MAI Pump m400NT

11/27/2014
MAI-SDA: Grouting method

11/27/2014
SDA
Self Drilling Hollow Core Anchor System
A ) Functional elements
B) Operational elements
Anchor rods
* Sacrificial Drill bits
Extension Couplings
Nut and Plate
R25
R32
R38
T76
R25N
R32N
R32S
R38N
R51L
R51N
200 / 150
280 /230
360 / 280
500 / 400
550 / 450
800 / 630
R32L
Replaced by
11/27/2014
R51
T76N
T76S
1600 / 1200 1900 / 1500
Ultimate Load / Yield Load
Proteccin de Corrosin
- Corrosin de Sacrificio
+ So3, Cl ambiente C~ 0,15mm/ ao
+ Ambiente de agua dulce
C~0,07mm/ao
Tiempo de vida se determina mediante
el grado anual de corrosin
- Galvanizado en caliente
+ Mnimo con capa de Zinc 80 micrones
(promedio actual 150-200 micrones
Vida de servicio determinado
generalmente por standares existentes
entre 5-10 aos

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SDA typical Sacrificial Drill bits
Type -EX, EXX
Type -X
Type -EY,EYY

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Type -EC, ECC
Type -ESD,ESSD
Type -ESF, ESSF
Type -XX
Where are SDA anchors used ?
..... In very difficult and unstable ground conditions, such as unconsolidated

sands, gravels or broken and fractured rock formations.
11/27/2014
SDA Mtodos de Instalacin

Sistema Standard de Perforacin:
Roto percusin ..(Perforacin giratoria)
Tipos de Barrido: * Barrido de Agua... En arena densa, formacin de grava o

de acuerdo a las condiciones de roca
mejor barrido en cortes grandes y enfriamiento de las brocas
* Barrido de Aire En suelo suave, por ejemplo, caliza

suave, arcilla o similar
donde se evite derrame excesivo de agua
* Inyeccin de Cemento y Perforacin Simultnea......

En todas las condiciones de suelo no consolidadas
- estabiliza el taladro de perforacin durante la instalacin,
consiguiendo una mejor inyeccin que cubra la longitud de
anclaje
- buena penetracin alrededor del suelo, por lo tanto se
obtiene mejores valores de friccin externos
- la instalacin se realiza en una sola operacin, por
lo que se ahorra tiempo !
11/27/2014
Surface crawler D7 with IRIA
D7 with COP 1838 IRIA and Rod

guiding/ clamping System

11/27/2014
IRIA kit

11/27/2014
Comparisons: SDA and conventional rebars

Alto grado de instalacin ya que no requiere la operacin bsica de perforacin.
La perforacin, posicin e inyeccin se realiza en una sola operacin

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1/3
1/2
Herramientas de Instalacin Atlas Copco

11/27/2014
Instalacin Semi-Mecanizada y Post Inyeccin

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Instalacin Semi Mecanizada e Inyeccin a

travs del IRIA

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Pull out test

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La bomba de Inyeccin m400NT y la m400EASY

22
11/27/2014
Function m400NT

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SDA - Applications
Applications
Soil & Rock Nailing
Micro Injection Piling
Temp. Prestress Anchor
Tunnelling
'SRN'
'MIP'
'TSA'
'SDA'
R 25
R 32
R 38
R 38
R 51
T 76
Ground Engineering (GE)

Surface Applications

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R 38
R 51
R 25
R 32
T 76
Tunnelling (TU)
Underground Application
Potential Problem Area - Slopes
Visit Guni Tunnel Portal 1 Katra

India, 2004
Site Report 05/2005 after 250m total Tunnel
collapse

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Fractured Rock / Unconsolidated soil
Visit Guni Tunnel Portal 2 Reasi

India, 2004
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Introduction Soil Nailing
Lambagarh Slide Chamoli District

Uttar Pradesh, India
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Potential Problem Area - Tunnelling
Hanbau Tunnel,Taiwan 2000

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Tunnelling Applications (TU)
Systematic Radial Bolting

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Fore-poling or Spiling
Soil & Rock Nailing Applications (GE)

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Soil Nailing Construction Method

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Slope Stabilisation
Shortlands Junction, Bromley, 2002, UK

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Micro Injection Piles

Application and advantages
- Post settlement control on

existing structures (e.g. MIP
installation in cellars or similar).
- Increasing the foundation
capacity for existing structures.
- New deep foundation for
structures in congested city
areas with narrow access
routes.
- The use of simultaneous
drilling and grouting method.

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Temporary support anchors

11/27/2014
Retaining Structure for railway embankment at

Bijlmer Station; Amsterdam
Ca. 700 no TSA T76N L=25m , BL=12m, Working
Load 600kN

11/27/2014
Battered wall
Birmingham Northern Relief Rd.

( M6-Toll), UK

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Design
Birmingham Northern Relief Rd.

( M6-Toll), UK
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Slope Stabilisation and Protection

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Koudiat Acerdoune Dam project

Algeria, 2004
Tunnel Project Eichelberg,Germany: R51L

11/27/2014
Battered wall
Jerusalem 2003
40.000m R32N galvanized, Production
with D7 24no SRN, 12m lg per WD
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Battered wall
Taipei , Taiwan, 1999

R32N 1.000m

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Preparation Tunnel Portal Greece, 2000

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Battered wall
Sir Herbert Miles Road, Gibraltar, 1999

R32N 8.500m
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Flexible Facing
Shortlands Junction, Bromley, 2002, UK

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Soft Facing
Pensnett Industrial Estate Project, UK, 1999

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Soft Facing with wire meshes
Tintern Nr. Chepstow, 2000, UK

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Drainage System
Dublin M50, Ireland, 2000

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Drainage System
........somewhere in the UK, 2000

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SRN Application
Limestone
Quarry2007Carriere DArvel Switzerland 2004
GDE Sales Conference
11/27/2014
SRN Solution
Limestone Quarry Carriere DArvel

Switzerland 2004

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Rock Fall & Avalanche Barriers

11/27/2014
MIP for Nokia, Jyvskvi, Finland 2000

Settlement
Control at City hall in Tallinn
Estonia, 1999
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Unicorn Abrasives, UK, 1998

R32N
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MIP Bank of Finnland, Helsinki, 2000

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Secant pile retaining structure, Uk, 1999

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Centerville, Vancouver, 2000

R38N 9.000m
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Permanent support anchors
Restructuring of channel support, Holland, 1996

11/27/2014
Tunnelling (TU)
Hanbau Tunnel, Taiwan, 1999

GDE
Sales Conference
2007
R 32N
80.000m
11/27/2014
Tunnelling (TU)
Dual Railway Tunnel Bologna, Italy 2003

R38N L=15m

11/27/2014
Tunnelling Pipe Roofing

11/27/2014
Umbrella at Montegiglio Tunnel Project, Italy,

April 2002 R51L L=9m/ 3m overlap
Productos MAI de sostenimiento de rocas
Roca dura
Suelo / Roca dbil
Superficie (Estabilizacion de taludes y pilotes)
Subterrneo (Minera & Tunelera)

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Swellex Products Line

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SWELLEX MANUFACTURING

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SWELLEX PRINCIPLE
Folded Steel Tube

Expanded through high water pressure
Radial pressure on surrounding rock
Immediate roof support !!!

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EXPANSION PRINCIPLE
SWELLEX
before
Face Plate
expansion
Inlet Hole
SWELLEX
Installed In the hole
A >> B
High
water
Expanded SWELLEX
Pressure
in the hole
SWELLEX
after expansion
300
bar
After expansion air pressure
force water out of the inlet hole

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INSTALLATION SEQUENCE
1
Drilling
Insertion
Expansion
Atlas Copco

11/27/2014
Pumps
automatically stops
Atlas Copco
IMMEDIATE FULL COLUMN SUPPORT
Immediate full column support

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SWELLEX FEATURES IN THE HOLE
Allows major
shear movements
Swellex bridges
gaps in
the rock
Swellex
Net washer
for screening

11/27/2014
Swellex follows
all the
irregularituis
in the hole
In hard rock,
50 cm inflated
profile develop
100KN friction
SWELLEX ADVANTAGES
Immediate rock support
Safety
Full column action
Safety
Fast installation
Easy and trouble-free installation
Insensitive to irregularities in the hole
Atlas Copco Quality control
No Resin, No cement
Pressure control after the installation

11/27/2014
Productivity
Productivity
Versatility
Reliability , Safety
Enviromentally friendly
Controllable rock reinforcement
SWELLEX BOLTS PORTFOLIO
Mn12 / Pm12
Plastic-Coated
Pm16
Mn24 / Pm24
Pm24Connectable
Pm24Connectable
Retainer Section
11/27/2014
Bitumen-Coated
Pm24Hanger
INSTALLATION HOLE DIAMETER
Initial Profile
Min Hole diameter
Max hole diameter
Swellex Mn12 & Pm12
27 mm
32 mm
39 mm
Swellex Mn16 & Pm16
36 mm
43 mm
52 mm
Swellex Mn24 & Pm24
36 mm
43 mm
52 mm

11/27/2014
Resistencia a la Friccin vs. Dimetro del Taladro
Frictional resistence
kN/m
Traction Test in Granite
300
200
Super
Swellex & Mn24
Standard
Swellex & Mn12
100
30
11/27/2014
Midi
Swellex & Mn16
35
38 40
45
Hole diameter (mm)
50
Dimetro de la broca
Bit Gauge

11/27/2014
SWELLEX PREMIUM LINE

Swellex Premium
Pm12
Pm16
Pm24
Yield Load kN
100
130
200
Min. Breaking Load kN
120
160
240
Min. Elongation %
15
10
10

11/27/2014
SWELLEX MANGANESE LINE

Swellex Manganese
Heat Treated
Mn12
Mn16
Mn24
Yield Load kN*
75
N/A
150
Min. Breaking Load kN
100
N/A
200
20 - 25
N/A
20 - 25
Min. Elongation %

11/27/2014
Swellex Mn
Alta capacidad de carga y
al mismo tiempo
Alta capacidad de absorcin de energa
RESULTADO: un perno superior

Un perno que produce mas trabajo!

11/27/2014
TYPES OF STEEL BASICS

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ROCK MECHANICS ANCHORAGE

SWELLEX ANCHORAGE MECHANISM
HARD & COHESIVE ROCK
Swellex
In hard rock Swellex profile will

deform regularly accordingly with
small irregularities in the hole.
Anchorage in a combination of small
(differential) mechanical interlocking
and friction. As hard rock do not
deform plastically, better anchorage
will be reached when hole diameter in
the upper recommended range
(larger hole) to maximize the area of
contact.
Clay Shale Limestone Granit Sansdstone Breccia Sand
Cohesive Material
11/27/2014
Frictional Material
ROCK MECHANICS ANCHORAGE

SWELLEX ANCHORAGE MECHANISM
SOFT & NON-COHESIVE ROCK
Swellex
In soft rock, Swellex profile will deform

irregularly, compressing the rock,
accordingly with variation of plastic
property of the rock in the hole (nonhomogeneity). Anchorage in a
combination of large mechanical
interlocking and friction. As soft rock
will deform plastically, better anchorage
will be reached with hole diameters in
the lower recommended range (small
hole) to maximize the fluctuation of
profile diameter in the hole.
Clay Shale Limestone Granit Sansdstone Breccia Sand
Cohesive Material
11/27/2014
Frictional Material
SWELLEX en roca fracturada

Active, radial forces
increase the friction
on the surfaces of the joints
- In soft rock, macro deformation variations along the profile
provide strong interlock.
Radial expansion
increases
the friction coefficient in

granular material

11/27/2014
Comportamiento Del Perno Swellex

Confinamiento radial
Alojamiento en el taladro
Presin de la placa sobre la roca
Soporte de carga libre
Accin dominante del bloque

Desarrollo del arco
Confinamiento de la roca

11/27/2014
SWELLEX PLATES AND WASHER

PORTFOLIO
Adjustable face plate for optimal load distribution, even in case

of angled hole direction

11/27/2014
INSTALLATION COMPONENTS
Principal components SWELLEX System
Swellex
Bolt and Plate
Chuck
Swellex
Pump
Swellex

11/27/2014
Installation
Arm
SWELLEX PUMPS PORTFOLIO

Hydraulic
Electric
Pneumatic

11/27/2014
ARMS & CHUCKS PORTFOLIO

11/27/2014
INSTALLATION METHODS
MANUAL INSTALLATION

11/27/2014
SEMI MECHANIZED INSTALLATION

11/27/2014
MECHANISED INSTALLATION
11/27/2014
PULL TESTS
1. SLIP PULL TEST

2. DESTRUCTIVE PULL TEST
3. NON-DESTRUCTIVE PULL TEST

11/27/2014
QUALITY ASSURANCE on the Field

PULL TEST EQUIPMENT
The Pull Test Equipment
is used to control the
anchorage capacity and
the integrity of Swellex
bolts.
Note: Sleeves are required to
perform slip test (anchorage
capacity test)
Pull Test Equipment Complete for Mn12/Pm12,

Mn16/Pm16 & Mn24/Pm24
8613 1108 00
Sleeve for Mn12/Pm12: 150mm length
3128 3139 75
Sleeve for Mn16/Pm & Mn24/Pm24: 150mm length
3196 2302 00

11/27/2014
PULL TESTS SLIP
Slip pull-test are requested to:

Give engineers information for rock support
design.
Anchorage capacity in the different types of
rocks
Effect of hole diameter on the anchorage
capacity
SLIP PULL TEST

The slip pull test is done to determine the anchorage capacity of Swellex. Sleeves
are slid on the profile in order to limit the length of the profile inflated (in contact) in
the hole and authorize sliding of the bolt when pull tested.
Ex. A Mn12 having a free length (not covered by sleeve) of 0,3m is inflated in a
38mm holes in granite. Performing a pull test, sliding occurs at 60kN. The
anchorage capacity can them be calculated; 60kN / 0,3m = 200kN/m for 38mm hole
diameter in granite.
11/27/2014
PULL TESTS DESTRUCTIVE
Destructive pull-tests are giving

information on:
Behavior of Swellex in the rock
Mode of failure
Total deformation prior to failure
Progressive debonding
Steel performances
Max strength
Deformation
DESTRUCTIVE PULL TEST

A destructive pull tests gives information on the ultimate capacity of the Swellex
bolt. Important information can be collected on the behavior of Swellex in the rock
matrix. It is the best way to assess bolts condition, evaluate corrosion effect on
old bolts and to compare results to original specification.

11/27/2014
PULL TESTS NON-DESTRUCTIVE
Non destructive pull tests are useful:

To control Swellex quality without affecting
the bolt
To assess that minimum performance
requested are met if corrosion is
suspected
To evaluate that minimum performance
are reached in time
Steel performances
Minimum strength
NON DESTRUCTIVE PULL TEST

Non destructive pull tests are performed to assess bolts performance up to a set
value usually located in the elastic behavior of the bolt. This test offer the
advantage of testing the Swellex bolts without damaging the bolt or affecting the
surface support. It is the best test to monitor bolts performance in time.
11/27/2014
Aplicaciones SWELLEX

11/27/2014
Rock Pre-Reinforcement
Tunnel Front
Tunnel front stabilization in soft formations and fault zones

11/27/2014
Tunnel Enlargement

11/27/2014
Tunnels
No damages to the cutting tools
TBM
11/27/2014
Road Headers
COMING SOON.
The Roofex - A New Rock Bolt!

11/27/2014
The new Roofex

Description of details
Sleeve
Stop Element

11/27/2014
Sleeve
Sliding Element
Bar
Plate
Nut
The new Roofex Rx 10

The future of deep mine rock bolting
Adapts itself to ground movements

Has a patented sliding element over a high strength steel
bar
Provides constant load capacity at 75 kN in static loading
conditions
Can absorb 20 kJoules of energy on a single event

Can still provide a 100 kN maximum load capacity after
sliding is complete

11/27/2014

Can be installed with resin or cement grout

Can be manufactured in most standard length
Can have the pre-set sliding distance choosen during
manufacturing ( 60 cm is the maximum recommended)

11/27/2014
Roofex
Section after installation
Stop Element

11/27/2014
Protection tube
Sliding Element
Resin
Protection tube
Steel Bar
Roofex in yielding ground
We want to control this!

11/27/2014
Roofex
Force [kN]
Bolt sliding under design load
Distance [mm]
11/27/2014
Roofex
Bolt after having reached the end of the defined sliding length
(=stop element hits bale)
Force [kN]
Results of multiple tests

11/27/2014
Distance [mm]
Roofex
Force [kN]
The bolt takes load up to the UL of the rebar before failing
Results of
Multiple tests
Distance [mm]
11/27/2014
Roofex Targeted Applications: Dynamic

Failure Events

11/27/2014
Roofex in dynamic events

Bolt can still hold more than 95 kN
ultimate load after the impact
Impact Tests on Rx10
Load vs displacement
Roofex 60 cm Set Displacement

120
Bolt Failure
12,00
100
Test B - 5kJ
Test C - 5 kJ
Test D - 5 kJ
Test E - 15 kJ
Test F - 20 kJ
Test G - 27 kJ
8,00
6,00
4,00
2,00
0,00
0,00
80
Load (kN)
Load (Tons)
10,00
60
40
200,00
400,00
Plate Displacement (mm)
600,00
20
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Plate displacement (mm)

11/27/2014
140
160
180
200

New rock bolt with a patented sliding system that delivers

consistent load displacement properties
Installation as simple as another conventional rock bolt
Can handle large deformations
Can handle large impact loads

Displacement length can be defined during manufacturing

11/27/2014
FUTURE PRODUCTS
Roofex: Introduction in 2008
R32L Galvanized: documentation to be completed

E1 Swellex pump available now
EC1 Swellex pump planned for early 2008
T100 under development: for 2008

11/27/2014
QUALITY CONTROL DURING MANUFACTURE

Swellex
IST System
Profile Inflation Test
Profile and Bushing Strength Tests
SDA Bars testing raw material and end product

Coupling testing with external certification

11/27/2014
We are committed to your

superior productivity through
interaction and innovation.

11/27/2014

11/27/2014

Rock Reinforcement SDA SWX RFX

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Rock Reinforcement SDA SWX RFX

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Atlas Copco Geotechnical Drilling and Exploration

GDE Sales Conference 2007

GDE Sales Conference 2007

Surface (Slope Stabilization & Piling)

Soil / weak Rock

Underground (Tunneling & Mining)

GDE Sales Conference 2007

Productos MAI de sostenimiento de rocas

Suelo / Roca dbil

Superficie (Estabilizacion de taludes y pilotes)

Subterrneo (Minera & Tunelera)

SDA Product Line

Barsproduced from 12m long pipes

Face plates, Nuts & Couplings

GDE Sales Conference 2007

SDA Pernos auto perforables

MAI SDA = Self Drilling Hollow Core Anchor System

GDE Sales Conference 2007

SDA Mtodos de Instalacin

MAI-SDA: Grouting method

Grouting with MAI Pump m400NT

MAI-SDA: Grouting method

GDE Sales Conference 2007

* Sacrificial Drill bits

Nut and Plate

1600 / 1200 1900 / 1500

Ultimate Load / Yield Load

GDE Sales Conference 2007

SDA typical Sacrificial Drill bits

Type -EX, EXX

GDE Sales Conference 2007

Type -EC, ECC

Type -ESF, ESSF

Where are SDA anchors used ?

..... In very difficult and unstable ground conditions, such as unconsolidated

SDA Mtodos de Instalacin

Roto percusin ..(Perforacin giratoria)

Tipos de Barrido: * Barrido de Agua... En arena densa, formacin de grava o

mejor barrido en cortes grandes y enfriamiento de las brocas

* Barrido de Aire En suelo suave, por ejemplo, caliza

* Inyeccin de Cemento y Perforacin Simultnea......

Surface crawler D7 with IRIA

D7 with COP 1838 IRIA and Rod

GDE Sales Conference 2007

GDE Sales Conference 2007

Comparisons: SDA and conventional rebars

La perforacin, posicin e inyeccin se realiza en una sola operacin

GDE Sales Conference 2007

Herramientas de Instalacin Atlas Copco

GDE Sales Conference 2007

Instalacin Semi-Mecanizada y Post Inyeccin

GDE Sales Conference 2007

Instalacin Semi Mecanizada e Inyeccin a

GDE Sales Conference 2007

Pull out test

GDE Sales Conference 2007

La bomba de Inyeccin m400NT y la m400EASY

GDE Sales Conference 2007

GDE Sales Conference 2007

Soil & Rock Nailing

Micro Injection Piling

Temp. Prestress Anchor

Ground Engineering (GE)

GDE Sales Conference 2007