DATA COMMUNICATION

AND BASIC NETWORKING

Sheryl May C. Jagonia

Learning Objective
Define Data Communication
Define the term Bandwidth
Define the term Attenuation
Define the term Protocol
Identify the different types of Data
Transmission Channels
Identify Basic Components of a Data
Communication System

Learning Objective (contd.)

Identify he different types of Conducted
Media
Identify different kinds of Radiated Media
Identify 2 types of Communication
Medium
Identify different types of Processing
Configurations
Define Network

Learning Objective (contd.)

Define Networking
Define Network Interface Card (NIC)
Identify different Network Classifications
Identify 2 most important Characteristics
of a Network
Define and differentiate Wireless and
Mobile Network
Discuss Generations of Cellular Networks

Topic 1

DATA COMMUNICATION
DEFINITION

What is Data
Communication?

Telecommunication
Data Communication is the
electronic transfer of data from
one location to another.
Ex: E-collaboration of WebEX (
www.webex.com)

Topic 2

DEFINING TERMS

What is a
Bandwidth?

What is
Attenuation?

What is a Protocol?

Topic 3

TYPES OF DATA
TRANSMISSION CHANNEL

Types of Data Transmission

Channel
Broadband multiple pieces of
data are sent simultaneously to increase
the transmission rate

Narrowband a voice-grade
transmission channel capable of
transmitting a max of 56,000 bps

Topic 3

BASIC COMPONENTS OF A
DATA COMMUNICATION

Basic Components of a Data

Communication System
Sender and Receiver Devices
Network Devices
Communication medium
(channel)

1) Sender and Receiver Devices

Personal computer
Smart phones
Mobile phones
PDA
Mp3 player
Game consoles

2) Network Devices

Modem
Routers
Hub
Switch

Modem
Modem
-is a device
that converts a
digital signal to
an analog
signal and vice
versa

Routers
Routers
-enable
computers to
communicate and they
can pass information
between two networks
such as between your
home network and the
Internet.

Hub
Hubs
-enable
computers on a network
to communicate.
-hub can send or
receive information, but
it cant do both at the
same time.

Switch
Switches
-can send and
receive information at
the same time, so they
can send information
faster than hubs can.
-switches were
much more expensive

Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)

Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber
Line (ADSL )download speed is
higher than upload speed.
Symmetric Digital Subscriber
Line (SDSL) download speed is
equal to upload speed.

3) Communication Media
Also known as Channels
Connect senders and receivers
devices
2 Types:
oConducted Media wired or guided
oRadiated Media - wireless

Topic 4

TYPES OF CONDUCTED
MEDIA

Twisted-Pair Cable
Consists of two
copper lines twisted
around each other
Can be shielded and
unshielded
Used in telephone
network and
communication within
buildings

Coaxial Cable
Thick cable
Used in data and
voice transmissions
Used mainly for long
distance telephone
transmissions and
local are networks

Fiber Optic Cable

Uses glass tubes as the
core and a glass called
cladding to form a light
path through wire
cables
Has higher capacity,
smaller size, lighter
weight, highest security
Has highest bandwidth

Topic 5

KINDS OF RADIATED MEDIA

Radiated Media
Use antenna for transmitting data
through air and water
Ex:
Broadcast Radio
Terrestrial Microwave
Satellite

Topic 6

TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
MEDIUM

Types of Communication
Medium

Point-to-Point System
Multipoint System

Topic 7

TYPES OF PROCESSING
CONFIGURATIONS

Centralized Processing
Processing is done at one central computer.
Advantage: Exercise tight control on
system operations and applications
Disadvantage: Lack of responsiveness
to users needs

Decentralized Processing
Each user, department or division has its
own computer for performing processing
task.
Advantage: More responsive to users
than centralized processing
Disadvantage: Lack of coordination
among organizational unit, high cost,
duplication of efforts

Distributed Processing
Maintains centralized control and decentralized
operations.
Advantage: More responsive to users, more
reliable, fault tolerant, reduce cost (sharing
resources)
Disadvantage: Dependence on communication
technology, incompatibility between
equipment's, challenging network management

What is a Network?

Network
A network can be defined as two or more computers
connected together in such a way that they can
share resources.
A resource may be:
A file
A folder
A printer
A disk drive
Or just about anything else that exists on a
computer

What is Networking?

Networking
Networking is the term that
describes the processes involved in
designing, implementing,
upgrading, managing and
otherwise working with networks
and network technologies.

Advantages of Networking
Connectivity and Communication
Data Sharing
Hardware Sharing
Internet Access
Internet Access Sharing
Data Security and Management
Performance Enhancement and Balancing
Entertainment

Disadvantage of Networking
Network Hardware, Software and Setup
Costs
Hardware and Software Management and
Administration Costs
Undesirable Sharing
Illegal or Undesirable Behavior
Data Security Concerns

Network Interface Card (NIC)

Network interface card (NIC)
NIC is a circuit board that
fits in one of the
computers internal
expansion slots. It contains
circuitry that handles
sending, receiving, and
error checking of
transmitted data.

Basic Components of a
Network
Server
Server computer is a core component of the network,
providing a link to the resources necessary to perform
any task

Client
Client computers normally request and receive
information over the network client. Client computers
also depends primarily on the central server for
processing activities

Circuit
Circuit is composed of cables, ports and other devices
that connects the Server computer and Client
computers.

Key Points
Two of the most important
characteristics of a network are
the:
Size
Shape.

Network Classification

Local Area Network (LAN)

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
Wide Area Network (WAN)
Worldwide Interoperability for
Microwave Access (WiMax)

Local Area Network

Local Area Network

A segment is a portion of a LAN
in which all nodes are directly
connected.

Metropolitan Area Network

Wide Area Network

WiMax

Topic 8

WIRELESS AND MOBILE

NETWORK

Differentiate a
Wireless Network and
a Mobile Network

Advantages of WN and MN

Mobility
Flexibility
Ease of Installation
Low Cost

Disadvantages of WN and MN
Limited throughput
Limited Range
In-Building Penetration Problems
Vulnerability of Frequency Noise
Security

Wireless Technology
Two Different Groups:
Wireless LAN (WLAN)
Wireless WAN (WWAN)

SIMILARITIES
Both WLANs and WWANs enable
computing devices to communicate
with other devices or networks at any
time and from any location.
Both WLANs and WWANs rely on the
RF spectrum as the communication
medium but they differ in areas

WLAN & WWAN DIFFERENCES

Coverage
WLANs
About 100 meters

WWANs
Much wider area;
capable of regional,
nationwide, or
international range

Speed
WLANs
With the 802.11b
wireless standard or
up to 54Mbps and
100Mbps

WWANs
Depending on the
technology, could
vary from 115Kbps
to 14Mbps

Data Security
WLANs
Usually lower than
WWANs

WWANs
Usually higher than
WLANs

Mobile Networks Three-part

Architecture
Base Station
-Send and receive
transmissions to and from
subscribers

Mobile Networks Three-part

Architecture
Mobile Telephone Switching
Office (MTSO)
-Transfer calls between
national or global phone networks
and base stations

Mobile Networks Three-part

Architecture
Subscriber
-Connect to base stations
by using mobile communication
devices

Topic 9

GENERATIONS OF CELLULAR
NETWORKS

Generations
1G
2G
2.5G
3G
4G

1G
Analog transmission
with limited
bandwidth

2G
Support for voice,
data, paging and fax
services added

2.5G
Added packet-switching
technology, which
transmits data packets
over radio signals;
different from the phone
systems circuitswitching technology,
which transmits data as
a continuous stream of
bits

3G
Supports
transmission of
high-quality
multimedia data,
including data,
voice, and videos

4G
Provides
broadband, largecapacity, highspeed data
transmission and
high quality
interactive
multimedia
services