Vit Ting Anh Hc Thut

T chc lp vit bo khoa hc K thut ng

trn tp ch quc t (24)
(Electrical Engineering, Chemical Engineering)
Kha Thi c
i hc Y Dc TP H Ch Minh Gim c trung tm vit bo khoa hc bng
ting Anh

http://www.chineseowl.idv.tw

Tiu s c nhn
Kha Thi c (Ted Knoy) dy vit ting Anh k
thut trong cc trng i hc i Loan hn hai
mi nm. ng l tc gi ca mi bn cun sch
v vit ting Anh k thut v chuyn nghip. ng
thnh lp mt trung tm vit ting Anh ti trng i
hc Y Yunpei ng thi cng l ging vin ton thi
gian ti trng. ng chnh sa trn 55,000 bi
vit cho vic ng bo nghin cu khoa hc t nm
1989. ng l cng nh bin tp ting anh cho mt s
tp ch v khoa hc, k thut v y hc ca i Loan.

A. Nn tng (Background)

Thit lp cc xut nghin cu (Setting of research proposal): M t

mt xu hng ph bin, pht trin hoc hin tng trong lnh vc ca bn
ngi c c th hiu c bi cnh m bn xut nghin cu ang
c thc hin .

Vn nghin cu (Research problem) : M t cc hn ch chnh hoc

tht bi ca cc nghin cu trc y hoc cc phng php nghin
cu khi gii quyt cc xu hng, pht trin hoc hin tng nu .

c im k thut nh lng ca vn nghin cu (Quantitative

specification of research problem): nh lng hoc a ra mt v d v
vn nghin cu c trch dn trong ti liu tham kho trc .

Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu (Importance of research

problem) : M t cc hu qu v mt l thuyt v thc t nu khng gii
quyt vn nghin cu.

B. Thc hin (Action)

Mc tiu nghin cu (Research objective) : M t mc tiu ca nghin

cu xut ca bn v bao gm cc c im chnh ring bit ca
nghin cu t c mc tiu nghin cu , iu m khng c
thc hin trong nghin cu trc y ( mt cu )

Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu (Methodology to

achieve research objective) : M t ba hoc bn bc chnh t
c mc tiu nghin cu ca bn .

Kt qu d kin ( Anticipated results) : M t cc kt qu nh lng

m bn hy vng s t c trong nghin cu ca bn.

ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin (Theoretical and

practical contribution to field) : M t cch thc phng php hoc
kt qu nghin cu xut ca bn s ng gp v mt l thuyt trong
lnh vc nghin cu, quy lut v cng ng gp thit thc trong sn
xut, ngnh cng nghip dch v.

V d 1: Electrical Engineering
Thit lp cc xut nghin cu Increasingly larger substrate requirements have
spurred advances in semiconductor manufacturing, explaining the increasing importance
of the pumping performance of vacuum pumps in etching, chemical vapor deposition
(CVD), and physical vapor deposition (PVD) to satisfy ultraclean environment
requirements. However, using oil-free backing pumps in combination with the
turbomolecular pump (TMP) to satisfy ultraclean environment requirements is
problematic. The TMP compound includes the addition of a turbodrag section to the
conventional TMP stage in the same rotation shaft in order to ensure that the discharge
pressure ranges between 7.5 and 15 Torr. Levi (1992) also pioneered the use of hybrid
pumps, which uses a variety of impellers without increasing the number of stages on the
same axis. Notably, the conventionally adopted TMP uses momentum transfers from
high-speed rotating blades to the gas molecules for pumping gas. According to the
direction of the pumped fluid to the movement of the moving wall, the TMP is
perpendicular to the movement of the moving wall; otherwise, the molecular drag pump
(MDP) is parallel. The MDP can operate in the 7.5x-3 Torr-7.5 x-2 Torr at a full pumping
speed owing to a high compression ration in the viscous flow regime, which is infeasible
for a molecular flow regime.

V d 1 (cont.)
Vn nghin cu The CVD and etching equipment in the IC industry
require superior discharge pressures from the atmosphere to a high-vacuum
region. Among the many subsequent design types include those of Becker,
Siegbahn, Holwek, and Gaede. Although these designs normally increase
either the pumping speed or compression ratio, increasing the pumping speed
and compression simultaneously (especially in higher discharge pressures) is
problematic owing to the complex transition flow phenomena. Additionally, the
processing pressure can not remain constant with a declining pumping
performance.
c im k thut nh lng ca vn nghin cu A typical TMP
typically has many stages for optimizing the pumping speed and compression
ratio, resulting in different compression ratios, especially the lower value for
light gases. Moreover, the compression ratios are high at discharge pressures
lower than 7.5x-3 Torr. However, the pumping speed obviously declines at
higher discharge pressures.
Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu Ultimately, the pumping
performances of TMP lower its efficiency as the distance of blades becomes
comparable to the mean free path of gas molecules.

V d 1 (cont.)
Mc tiu nghin cu Based on the above, we should
develop a vacuum performance system (based on OR
according to) ISO standards with automatic testing and
human-machine interface functions.
Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu To do
so, pumping performances can be evaluated based on the
flow meter method. The flow rate can then be adjusted to
obtain a balanced inlet pressure. Next, the pumping speed
based on the difference of inlet pressure and ultimate
pressure can be divided by the throughput. Additionally,
results of the experimental pumping speed can be compared
with those of the simulations.

V d 1 (cont.)
Kt qu d kin As anticipated, the proposed vacuum
performance system can evaluate the throughput, pumping
speed, ultimate pressure, and residue gas analysis via its
automatic testing and human-machine interface functions in
an inlet pressure exceeding 1.3x10-6 Torr.
ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin
Importantly, the proposed system can provide desired
characteristics such as ultimate pressure, compression ratio,
and pumping speed, ultimately eliminating the evaluated
time and providing human-machine interface functions.

V d 2: Chemical Engineering
Thit lp cc xut nghin cu Industrial
development has led to the extensive use of plastic
products in daily life, with polymers like polyvinyl alcohol
(PVA), polyethylene (PE), or polypropylene (PP), as an
increasingly common source of related industrial
applications. For instance, PVA is commonly adopted in the
textile and paper-making industries.
Vn nghin cu However, similar to other polymers,
the difficulty of PVA degradation reflects the complexity of
handling it during industrial wastewater treatment.

V d 2 (cont.)
c im k thut nh lng ca vn nghin cu
Despite the numerous chemical and biological treatment
methods developed for PVA degradation and their promising
results, such methods have certain limitations, including too
long of a reaction time and pollution caused by biological or
chemical reactants. While investigating mixed cultures
acclimatized to PVA solution, Solaro et al. indicated only 40%
mineralization of PVA after 48 days of incubation. Additionally,
use of Fenton reaction to reduce PVA was revealed that after 2
hours of reaction time, the PVA removal rate reached only 40%.
Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu The inability to
degrade PVA adequately through wastewater treatment will
result in PVA entering the public water supply and flowing into
the sea, ultimately threatening humans and the surrounding
ecology.

V d 2 (cont.)
Mc tiu nghin cu Based on the above, we should
develop an efficient and environmentally friendly PVAbased wastewater treatment method that does not produce
other by-products or harmful waste.
Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu To do
so, PVA can be degraded efficiently by photocatalysis. The
removal efficiency of PVA can then be examined based on
the reaction temperature, PVA concentration, and
photocatalytic quantity. Next, analysis results of the
proposed wastewater treatment method can be compared
with those of previous methods.

V d 2 (cont.)
Kt qu d kin As anticipated, the
photocatalysis of the proposed wastewater
treatment method can degrade PVA contents
completely in two hours.
ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin
In addition to its photocatalysis capability to
degrade PVA efficiently, the proposed method
provides a valuable reference for research in other
industrial applications such as decomposing
polymers in a sewage treatment plant.

V d 3: Industrial Engineering
Thit lp cc xut nghin cu End-user satisfaction increasingly
represents the focal point of successfully implementing an information
system. Incapable of fulfilling user requirements independently,
information systems require individuals to fully exploit their expertise
before yielding organizational benefits. Factors influencing user
satisfaction with information systems have received considerable
interest. Several studies have attributed information system failures to
psychological and organizational issues, rather than technological
ones.
Vn nghin cu Among the various theoretical perspectives
adopted to explore this phenomenon include the technology
acceptance model, theory of planned behavior, and information system
success model. However, in contrast with previous findings, Au et al.
(2008) found that expectations regarding information
system performance are not significantly related to user satisfaction.
Additionally, Iivari (2005) found that quality of the end user perceived
information only slightly impacts system usage.

V d 3 (cont.)
c im k thut nh lng ca vn nghin cu Despite the
considerable amount of scholarly research on end-user satisfaction in
recent decades, available evidence contradicts the expected
relationships. Still, the role of self-efficacy in the context of information
system usage has seldom been addressed. Therefore, the role of selfefficacy in end-user satisfaction model warrants further study.
According to social cognitive theory, end user beliefs (referred to herein
as self-efficacy) may influence their behavior and perceived outcomes.
This study examines the role of self-efficacy in how end-user
satisfaction, its antecedents, and consequences are related.
Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu The inability to increase
end user satisfaction by elucidating the factors affecting the effects of
antecedents of user satisfaction and the consequences of end-user
satisfaction makes it extremely difficult for managers before, during,
and after an information system is implemented.

V d 3 (cont.)
Mc tiu nghin cu Based on the above, we should
elucidate the role of self-efficacy with respect to how end-user
satisfaction, its antecedents, and consequences are related.
Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu To do so,
the perceptual data for this study can be gathered via a selfadministered questionnaire. Measurement and structural
models can then be estimated using Partial Least Squares
(PLS). Next, the measurement model in PLS can be evaluated
in terms of internal consistency, convergent validity, and
discriminate validity. Ultimately, validity of the structural model
and hypotheses can be (verified OR confirmed) by examining
the path coefficients.

V d 3 (cont.)
Kt qu d kin As anticipated, end-user self-efficacy
significantly impacts how end-user satisfaction, its antecedents,
and consequences are related. While shedding light on end-user
satisfaction research, results of this study can significantly
contributes to theoretical developments related to end-user
satisfaction by identifying the underlying factors that affect enduser satisfaction, and their relative impacts.
ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin Our results
can further demonstrate that low self-efficacy, if not managed,
lowers individual productivity. Managers can thus motivate a
high self-efficacy end-user to be the mentor of low self-efficacy
end user. Furthermore, as a highly effective means of increasing
self-efficacy, computer training can allow managers to increase
end-user self-efficacy by implementing training programs.

V d 4: Industrial Engineering
Thit lp cc xut nghin cu Most metropolitan taxi
services not only complement public transportation, but
also function as a vital part of urban travel. The Ministry of
Transportation (MOT) of the Republic of China cites
individual taxis, cooperative associations, and taxi trades
as the three business models in the Taiwan taxi industry.
Vn nghin cu Despite a recent focus on factors
that may influence whether passengers take a taxicab,
exactly how the taxi business model affects passenger
behavioral intention remains unclear.

V d 4 (cont.)
c im k thut nh lng ca vn nghin cu
According to MOT statistics, taxi trades in Taiwan rose from an
annual rate of 42% in 2005 to 44% in 2007. Taiwan Taxi, a GPSbased taxi company, is a major taxi trade in Taiwan has
implemented a GPS-based dispatching system from Singapore. In
addition to benefiting the taxi driver and taxi trade firms, GPS
technology also provides sense of security for passengers.
Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu The inability to
understand how a specific taxi business model impacts passenger
behavioral intention makes it impossible to determine not only how
a taxi business model affects perceived safety, but also how
perceived risk mediates the relation between the taxi business
model and the behavioral intention of passengers. These
unresolved issues make it extremely difficult for fleet line managers
to draw up appropriate guide lines in order to comply with
consumer preferences.

V d 4 (cont.)
Mc tiu nghin cu Based on the above, we should
elucidate exactly how taxi business models and the
behavioral intention of passengers are related, as well as the
mediatory effects of passengers perceived risk elaborated.
Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu To do
so, a research design sample can be drawn from MBA,
EMBA, and IEMBA students. Behavioral intention and
perceived risk among passengers can then be evaluated
using existing scales. Next, a factorial design can be
implemented based on research data accumulated.
Additionally, accumulated data can be analyzed using ANOVA
of the multivariate technique.

V d 4 (cont.)
Kt qu d kin As anticipated, analysis results can indicate
that passengers tend to view a GPS-based taxi fleet the safest
among other business models, because passengers perceive a
GPS-based taxi fleet as most concerned with ensuring their
physical safety. As for managerial implications of this study,
among the variables that senior management can incorporate to
foster a sense of security among passengers include using the
corporate web site to promote the concern for safety and
security, specifying the safety, service quality, and comfort in a
taxicab, and training taxi drivers to convey the company's vision
and mission to the passengers.
ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin Importantly,
this study can provide a valuable reference for managers
concerned with a comprehensive view of what risks are involved,
as well as their likely consequences.

Ti liu tham kho

Knoy, T (2002) Writing Effective Work
Proposals. Taipei: Yang Chih Publishing

Further details can be found at

http://www.chineseowl.idv.tw