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Vit Ting Anh Hc Thut

T chc lp vit bo khoa hc K thut ng trn


tp ch quc t (25)
(Materials Science Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Industrial Engineering,
Environmental Engineering)

Kha Thi c
i hc Y Dc TP H Ch Minh Gim c trung tm vit bo khoa hc bng
ting Anh

http://www.chineseowl.idv.tw

Tiu s c nhn
Kha Thi c (Ted Knoy) dy vit ting Anh k
thut trong cc trng i hc i Loan hn hai
mi nm. ng l tc gi ca mi bn cun sch
v vit ting Anh k thut v chuyn nghip. ng
thnh lp mt trung tm vit ting Anh ti trng i
hc Y Yunpei ng thi cng l ging vin ton thi
gian ti trng. ng chnh sa trn 55,000 bi
vit cho vic ng bo nghin cu khoa hc t nm
1989. ng l cng nh bin tp ting anh cho mt s
tp ch v khoa hc, k thut v y hc ca i Loan.

A. Nn tng (Background)

Thit lp cc xut nghin cu (Setting of research proposal): M t


mt xu hng ph bin, pht trin hoc hin tng trong lnh vc ca bn
ngi c c th hiu c bi cnh m bn xut nghin cu ang
c thc hin .

Vn nghin cu (Research problem) : M t cc hn ch chnh hoc


tht bi ca cc nghin cu trc y hoc cc phng php nghin
cu khi gii quyt cc xu hng, pht trin hoc hin tng nu .

c im k thut nh lng ca vn nghin cu (Quantitative


specification of research problem): nh lng hoc a ra mt v d v
vn nghin cu c trch dn trong ti liu tham kho trc .

Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu (Importance of research


problem) : M t cc hu qu v mt l thuyt v thc t nu khng gii
quyt vn nghin cu.

B. Thc hin (Action)

Mc tiu nghin cu (Research objective) : M t mc tiu ca nghin


cu xut ca bn v bao gm cc c im chnh ring bit ca
nghin cu t c mc tiu nghin cu , iu m khng c
thc hin trong nghin cu trc y ( mt cu )

Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu (Methodology to


achieve research objective) : M t ba hoc bn bc chnh t
c mc tiu nghin cu ca bn .

Kt qu d kin ( Anticipated results) : M t cc kt qu nh lng


m bn hy vng s t c trong nghin cu ca bn.

ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin (Theoretical and


practical contribution to field) : M t cch thc phng php hoc
kt qu nghin cu xut ca bn s ng gp v mt l thuyt trong
lnh vc nghin cu, quy lut v cng ng gp thit thc trong sn
xut, ngnh cng nghip dch v.

V d 1: Materials Science
Engineering
Thit lp cc xut nghin cu Direct methanol fuel cell
(DMFC) is a highly feasible alternative for portable energy
supply owing to its high power density, efficient start up time,
and liquid fuel fed mechanism.
Vn nghin cu However, the development of DMFC is
limited mainly by the slow kinetics of methanol oxidation
reaction (MOR), i.e. a series of proton stripping processes
that ultimately leave carbon monoxide adherent to a catalyst
(normally platinum), a phenomenon known as catalyst
poisoning. Among the many approaches developed to
facilitate MOR include adding Ruthenium as a second alloy
and Ruthenium oxide. Unfortunately, the effect is limited and
Ru is relatively expensive.

V d 1 (cont.)
c im k thut nh lng ca vn nghin cu As
is generally assumed, the hole- electron pairs ejected from
TiO2 under UV illumination participate in the degradation o
nearby organics. Additionally, Pt can function as a sink of
electrons to prevent the recombination of hole- electron pairs,
facilitating the release of additional holes involved in organic
degradation. Despite a recent finding that Pt-TiO2 facilitates
the above-mentioned degradation of UV induced organics,
high power Hg lamps (over 100 W) are required to drive PtTiO2 photo-electrodes in order to observe a significant
increase in the current in DMFC.
Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu The inability to
reduce the excitation power source to a certain order (~W)
makes it impossible to commercialize the photoelectrochemical fuel cell for portable energy applications.

V d 1 (cont.)
Mc tiu nghin cu Based on the above, we should investigate
the feasibility of improving the junction stability of Pt and TiO2 to
increase significantly the current under low power UV illumination.
Achieving a compact Pt and TiO2 junction can prevent an electron
transfer loss from TiO2 to Pt, ultimately achieving a low power, UV
driven DMFC.
Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu To do so, a
high junction Pt-TiO2 interface can be formed using photo assisted
reduction. The reducing agent, i.e. ethanol glycol, can then be
introduced to prevent the residual metal precursor and enhance the
purity of reduced Pt. Next, the coverage of Pt on TiO2 can be
determined based on the precursor concentration, percentage of
reducing agent added, and illumination time.

V d 1 (cont.)
Kt qu d kin As anticipated, experimental results
can indicate that the current significantly increases, i.e.
more than 10 %, under less than 10W, 254 nm UV
illumination. Importantly, a compact Pt-TiO2 junction
can be (achieved OR formed) via photo-assisted
reduction.
ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin
Among the several crucial parameters studied can
include precursor concentration, illumination duration,
and the percentage of reducing agent added. Moreover,
in the methanol oxidation test, the current increases by
_________% under 4 W, 254 nm UV illumination more
than that in the dark.

V d 2: Electrical Engineering
Thit lp cc xut nghin cu Extensively adopted in the
opto-electronics industry, injection molding technology varies the
temperature and pressure in a polymer-based mold to reduce the
number of shrinkage defects in products.
Vn nghin cu However, the conventional means of
optimizing process parameters is inaccurate owing to its reliance
on the subjective experience of an operator to eliminate shrinkage
defects in products.
c im k thut nh lng ca vn nghin cu For
instance, the conventional approach fails to reduce shrinkage
defects in products to less than 2%.
Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu The inability to reduce
shrinkage defects in products to less than 2% makes it impossible
to comply with assembly specifications and increases overhead
manufacturing costs.

V d 2 (cont.)
Mc tiu nghin cu Based on the above, we should
develop an injection molding method, capable of accurately
estimating shrinkage defects during product manufacturing.
Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu To do
so, shrinkage of wafer products can be reduced based on
mold shrinkage compensation. The shrinkage
compensation rates for various materials can then be
determined via simulation. Next, design and manufacturing
time can be significantly lowered by using those
compensation rates, which are stored in a database made
available for engineers.

V d 2 (cont.)
Kt qu d kin As anticipated, the proposed
injection molding method can streamline product
design by decreasing the shrinkage rate of
defective products to less than 2%.
ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin
Importantly, the proposed method can ensure precompensation of the mold part, ultimately ensuring
high precision in the manufacturing of exterior
injection mold parts.

V d 3: Industrial Engineering
Thit lp cc xut nghin cu Despite the ability of SEM
to identify the grain structure of a solar cell, the area that it scans
is relatively small for the entire solar cell. As constructing I-V
curve data requires time for testing, a wafer must be scanned
many times using SEM to cover the entire area.
Vn nghin cu However, the conventional procedure to
identify defective cells in a module is laborious and time
consuming.
c im k thut nh lng ca vn nghin cu
(NOTE: You to quantify the problem that you are trying to solve)
Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu The inability to
identify defects in silicon-based solar cells, especially unqualified
cells, makes it impossible to calculate the percentage of the
defective area immediately.

V d 3 (cont.)
Mc tiu nghin cu Based on the above, we should develop an inspection
system to identify defects in silicon-based solar cells, in particular unqualified
cells, by locating them and calculating the percentage of the defective area
immediately. The proposed system consists of near-infrared (NIR) image sensing
electronic circuits and a data processing control computer in real time.
Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu To do so, solar cell
performance can be evaluated using the I-V curve. If the I-V curve represents
inadequate electrical power behavior, the grain structure can then be observed
using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to identify the problem. Next, before IV testing for solar cell defects, the proposed inspection system can be
implemented to identify the defective area for the entire solar cell rapidly.
Additionally, the percentage of the defective area in the entire solar cell module
can be determined immediately owing to the real time data processing control
computer of the proposed system, making it feasible to locate unqualified cells
without constructing an I-V curve.

V d 3 (cont.)
Kt qu d kin As anticipated, the proposed inspection
system can locate defects immediately and determine the
detailed reason for defects in the grain structure by using
SEMS.
ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin
Importantly, the proposed inspection system for solar cell
defects is highly efficient in terms of identifying defective
areas.

V d 4: Environmental Engineering
Thit lp cc xut nghin cu As concern over food quality
has grown with increased consumption, rapidly inspecting such
quality must satisfy market demand. Fruit market consumers often
purchase their favorite fruits by selecting them individually based on
their subjective experiences.
Vn nghin cu Although individuals spend considerable
money and time in selecting fruit, whether the fruit is tasty remains
unclear. Moreover, conventional inspection methods of fruit quality
by examining the fruit skin fail to determine the inner quality of fruit.
c im k thut nh lng ca vn nghin cu For
instance, weighing the fruit provides only a quantitative means of
comparing with its proper size.
Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu The inability to inspect
the inner quality of fruit makes it impossible to increase agricultural
profits.

V d 4 (cont.)
Mc tiu nghin cu Based on the above, we should develop a non-invasive
inspection method, capable of examining the inner quality of fruit efficiently by
incorporating use of near infrared absorbance spectrum.
Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu To do so, the fruit quality
can be evaluated based on measurements of near infrared absorbance
spectrum from the fruit skin and partial least square regression (PLSR)
analysis. (NOTE: Add at least two to three more sentences in order to more
describe the methodology more completely)
Kt qu d kin As anticipated, the proposed non-destructive inspection
method can determine the sugar content of fruit with an accuracy exceeding
85%.
ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin Importantly, the proposed
method can demonstrate the effectiveness of near infrared absorbance
spectrum in accurately predicting the sugar contents of fruit.

V d 5: Electrical Engineering
Thit lp cc xut nghin cu Increasingly larger substrate
requirements have spurred advances in semiconductor
manufacturing. Thus, to satisfy ultracleam environment
requirements, the pumping performance of vacuum pumps is
increasingly important in the etching process, chemical vapor
deposition (CVD), and physical vapor deposition (PVD).
Vn nghin cu However, the processing pressure can not
remain constant with a declining pumping performance.
c im k thut nh lng ca vn nghin cu
According to evaluations based on man-made and computational
fluid dynamics (CFD) in previous studies, pumping lasts too long.
Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu The inability to evaluate
the pumping performance efficiently and precisely makes it
impossible to comply with the demand of actual processing
pressure.

V d 5 (cont.)
Mc tiu nghin cu Based on the above, we should
develop a vacuum performance system according to ISO
standards, with automatic testing and human-machine
interface functions.
Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu To do
so, pumping performance can be evaluated based on the
flow meter method. The flow rate can then be adjusted to
obtain a balanced inlet pressure. Next, the pumping speed
can be determined based on this relationship. Additionally,
results of the experimental pumping speed can be compared
with those of simulations.

V d 5 (cont.)
Kt qu d kin As anticipated, the proposed vacuum
performance system can evaluate the throughput, pumping
speed, ultimate pressure, and residue gas analysis via its
automatic testing and human-machine interface functions in
an inlet pressure (range: OR OMIT IF UNECESSARY)
exceeding 1.3x10-6 Torr.
ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin
Importantly, the proposed system can eliminate the
evaluated time and provide human-machine interface
functions.

V d 6: Electrical Engineering
Thit lp cc xut nghin cu Advances in

telecommunications and information technology have led to the


transformation of optical storage media from CD, VCD, DVD to BD
format. Consumer demand for an optical pick-up head in higher
capacity portable optical storage media, e.g., near-field optical disc,
focuses on a more compact and lightweight size with a larger
storage capability, as well as fast read and write action capabilities.
In particular, a glass material refractive index exceeding 2.0, a
weight less than 80 gram and a size smaller than 1.0 millimeter in
diameter are of priority concern.

Vn nghin cu For current specifications of a refractive

index exceeding 2.0 for glass material and a diameter smaller than
1 millimeter for glass beads, conventional grinding and polishing
glass processing methods fail to satisfy stability requirements and
consumer demand regarding the shape of the optical storage
media device in terms of precision and efficiency.

V d 6 (cont.)
c im k thut nh lng ca vn
nghin cu (NOTE: You need to quantify the
problem that you are trying to solve)
Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu The
inability to comply with consumer demand
regarding the specifications of optical storage
media devices makes it impossible to produce a
quality and sufficiently small optical pick-up head
that can read and write data efficiently.

V d 6 (cont.)
Mc tiu nghin cu Based on the above, we should
design (WHAT?) method that can manufacture 100 optical
lenses in a single run using a glass molding process.
Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu To do
so, two 10 * 10 ceramic mold array plates, with each mold
having a diameter of 1 mllimeter, can be produced based on
the temperature distribution of a heating device. Glass with a
refractive index of 2.003 can then be selected and premanufactured to the appropriate volume. Next, the required
shape for an optical lens can be pressed by controlling the
heating and cooling times through use of a high-temperature
glass molding machine.

V d 6 (cont.)
Kt qu d kin As anticipated, the proposed method
can ensure the manufacturing of 100 precision optical
lenses in 3 hours, along with homogeneity of the shape
reaching 95%.
ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin
Importantly, in addition to its desired features of optimized
batch production, precise speed control and shorter
processing time, the proposed method ensures that the
components cost less when a greater volume is produced.

Ti liu tham kho


Knoy, T (2002) Writing Effective Work
Proposals. Taipei: Yang Chih Publishing

Further details can be found at


http://www.chineseowl.idv.tw

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