Vit Ting Anh Hc Thut

T chc lp vit bo khoa hc thng mi ng

trn tp ch quc t (4)
(Healthcare Management, Finance)
Kha Thi c
i hc Y Dc TP H Ch Minh Gim c trung tm vit bo khoa hc bng
ting Anh

http://www.chineseowl.idv.tw

Tiu s c nhn
Kha Thi c (Ted Knoy) dy vit ting Anh k
thut trong cc trng i hc i Loan hn hai
mi nm. ng l tc gi ca mi bn cun sch
v vit ting Anh k thut v chuyn nghip. ng
thnh lp mt trung tm vit ting Anh ti trng i
hc Y Yunpei ng thi cng l ging vin ton thi
gian ti trng. ng chnh sa trn 55,000 bi
vit cho vic ng bo nghin cu khoa hc t nm
1989. ng l cng nh bin tp ting anh cho mt s
tp ch v khoa hc, k thut v y hc ca i Loan.

A. Nn tng (Background)

Thit lp cc xut nghin cu (Setting of research proposal): M t

mt xu hng ph bin, pht trin hoc hin tng trong lnh vc ca bn
ngi c c th hiu c bi cnh m bn xut nghin cu ang
c thc hin .

Vn nghin cu (Research problem) : M t cc hn ch chnh hoc

tht bi ca cc nghin cu trc y hoc cc phng php nghin
cu khi gii quyt cc xu hng, pht trin hoc hin tng nu .

c im k thut nh lng ca vn nghin cu (Quantitative

specification of research problem): nh lng hoc a ra mt v d v
vn nghin cu c trch dn trong ti liu tham kho trc .

Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu (Importance of research

problem) : M t cc hu qu v mt l thuyt v thc t nu khng gii
quyt vn nghin cu.

B. Thc hin (Action)

Mc tiu nghin cu (Research objective) : M t mc tiu ca nghin

cu xut ca bn v bao gm cc c im chnh ring bit ca
nghin cu t c mc tiu nghin cu , iu m khng c
thc hin trong nghin cu trc y ( mt cu )

Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu (Methodology to

achieve research objective) : M t ba hoc bn bc chnh t
c mc tiu nghin cu ca bn .

Kt qu d kin ( Anticipated results) : M t cc kt qu nh lng

m bn hy vng s t c trong nghin cu ca bn.

ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin (Theoretical and

practical contribution to field) : M t cch thc phng php hoc
kt qu nghin cu xut ca bn s ng gp v mt l thuyt trong
lnh vc nghin cu, quy lut v cng ng gp thit thc trong sn
xut, ngnh cng nghip dch v.

V d 1: Healthcare Management
Thit lp cc xut nghin cu According to the World Health Organization, Taiwan became
an advanced aging society as of the end of 1993, with over 7% of its population 65 years or older.
According to estimates from the Council for Economic Planning and Development, the islands
elderly population will account for 14.42% and 20.04% of the population by 2121 and 2131,
respectively. Restated, one out of every five individuals will be classified as belonging to the
advanced age elderly population. Traditional societal values in which the elderly parents live with
their son and daughter-in-law have diminished, creating a growing public awareness that the
elderly must make preparations in advance for their long term care. The aging trend in Taiwan
explains the growing concern over the market demand for long term care residential communities,
in which middle to senior aged individuals live independently in houses or apartment units
designed for their special needs upon retirement. Many industries have already heavily invested in
this emerging growth sector. Given physical and mental health factors, senior citizens must adjust
as traditional societal values change. To facilitate a more ideal living environment for the elderly,
governmental organizations and the private sector must coordinate efforts to create an environment
in which senior citizens living independently is the norm instead of the exception. In doing so,
numerous commercial opportunities will arise. For instance, RUENTEX Construction Company in
collaboration with Rien Fu Newlife Company has established a senior citizen residential community
in Tan-shui by drawing from the Japanese long term care model to provide residents with a hotel
style management approach. The facilities provide high-quality comfort with a 300 residential unit
capacity, all of which have already been leased out. Given population trends and enhanced living
standards, the climate for growth opportunities in the long term care sector in Taiwan are favorable.
Identifying factors for successful operation of senior citizen residential communities are thus
essential for businesses to gain a competitive edge, explaining why governmental authorities and
industrial planners are anxious to evaluate the most appropriate management strategies for further
development.

V d 1 (cont.)
Vn nghin cu However, while evaluating the success of certain
management practices in satisfying consumer demand in this growing market
sector, long term care studies have seldom attempted to identify success factors
in managing senior citizen residential communities. Relevant considerations in
the management of a senior citizen residential community include environment
analysis of the location, analysis of relevant management strategies, , pricing
and promotional strategies and strategic alliances. Correspondingly, all success
factors should be prioritized based on their importance
c im k thut nh lng ca vn nghin cu For instance, the lack
of an objective assessment method makes it impossible for administrators of
senior citizen residential communities to determine which management
approaches will be successful or not.
Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu The lack of an effective model to
identify success factors in managing senior citizen residential communities
makes it impossible to determine tangible and intangible benefits in long term
care research. Moreover, senior citizen residential communities of varying scale
sizes will have difficulty in adopting effective management strategies to remain
competitive.

V d 1 (cont.)
Mc tiu nghin cu Based on the above, we should develop
an AHP-based method that enables administrators of senior
citizen residential communities to identify critical factors for
successful operations.
Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu To do so, a
questionnaire survey can be designed to select the most
appropriate sampling method. A valuation standard that reflects
enterprise values can then be derived based on interviews with
experts in the field. Next, critical factors for successful
operations can be identified using the AHP method.
Kt qu d kin As anticipated, the proposed AHP-based
method can enable enterprises involved in the development of
senior citizen residential communities to identify the features of
and prerequisites for successful operations.

V d 1 (cont.)
ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin The proposed
method can enable administrators of senior citizen residential
communities to select the most feasible options during decision making
by considering finance and market analysis related concerns in order
to ensure success in daily operations. In addition to enhancing the
competency of administrators in making their residential communities
productive in this increasingly competitive sector, the proposed method
can provide a valuable reference for experts, academics and investors in
the long term sector attempt to devise relevant marketing strategies.

V d 2: Healthcare Management
Thit lp cc xut nghin cu Since the National Health Insurance
scheme was established in 1995, medical expenditures have been recorded
via electronic media as the Taiwanese government promotes the use of the
National Health Information Network (HIN), enabling medical institutions
island wide to make data accessible and transparent in a digital form.
According to the National Health Insurance Bureau, prior to establishment of
the National Health Insurance scheme, only 20% of all medical institutions
had computerized their operations; whereas that figure exceeded 60% by the
end of 1995. Whereas only 25.7% (4666) and 54.9% (6509) of all medical
clinics in industrialized countries had computerized their operations in 1994
and 1996, respectively, that figure jumped to 76.3% (6977) in 1997.
Vn nghin cu Although 92.9% of all medical clinics process
information into the HIN, 84.6% of all clinical software used originates from
outsourced information technology vendors, making outsourcing of medical
information needs a major issue among hospital administrators. Given the
recent issuance of health insurance IC cards on line, clinical administrators
are faced with increasing medical information-related costs and complexity in
information integration.

V d 2 (cont.)
c im k thut nh lng ca vn nghin cu Moreover,
with the unique environment of Taiwans National Health Insurance
scheme and trend for hospital clinics to outsource their medical
information needs to information technology vendors, appraising
potential vendors to outsource those needs is extremely difficult,
especially given the current ability of medical information systems
operating under the National Health Insurance scheme to select the
most reliable information technology supplier.
Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu The inability of hospitals to
adopt an explicit and objective standard to select information
technology suppliers may lead to an inappropriate selection,
subsequently increasing development and maintenance-related costs,
a waste in human resources and time, inefficiency in the processing of
medical expenditures, as well as the inability to promote the quality of
medical treatment.

V d 2 (cont.)
Mc tiu nghin cu Based on the above, we should develop an AHP-based
decision-making method for hospital clinics to assess objectively the quality of an
information technology supplier when outsourcing their medical information needs,
as an alternative to previous decision-making approaches based on subjective
evaluations.
Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu To do so, an appraisal criterion
for selecting an appropriate information technology vendor can be made using
Delphi technique to gain mutual recognition among experts in the field. Criteria for
outsourcing vendors and sub-criteria of medical information system for clinics can
then be evaluated using the group decision process of the Delphi method. Next, a
questionnaire can be designed for constructing the decision attributes in order to
evaluate MIS vendors. Additionally, using the Delphi method, preferences of the
group members can be elicited and a group consensus can be achieved. Moreover,
results of interviews with experts can be integrated with the AHP method to
establish an objective evaluation criterion for MIS vendors. Furthermore, an AHPbased survey can be designed using pairwise comparison to respond to MIS
outsourcing demand scores for each item. Moreover, each criterion and rank can
pass a consistency test for decision-making of the AHP model. Finally, participation
and involvement of the group experts combined with AHP can be incorporated to
calculate the weights and optimum alternatives.

V d 2 (cont.)
Kt qu d kin As anticipated, the AHP-based decisionmaking method can provide hospital administrators with a
decision-making and evaluation criteria that actively
encourage the medical sector outsource to information
technology contractors.
ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin In
addition to avoiding unnecessary risks and reducing
overhead costs, the proposed decision-making method can
incorporate an AHP evaluation model and several
evaluation criteria for large-scale hospitals outsourcing their
technological needs.

V d 3: Finance
Thit lp cc xut nghin cu Credit cooperatives have played a pivotal role in
Taiwans economic development as financial institutions. Market liberalization policies of
the Taiwanese government since 1992 have led to the emergence of several banks, with
financial organizations springing up quickly, thus intensifying market competition. Rapid
growth of this market sector has produced some adverse impacts such as banks lowering
their criteria for loan approvals in order to remain competitive, subsequently leading to an
increasingly higher incidence of defaulted loans. Therefore, an increasing number of
financial organizations have run into this dilemma, especially credit cooperatives. Given
turbulent political and economic situations worldwide, financial institutions in Taiwan
must adopt dramatic reform measures to maintain their competitiveness. Despite
governmental initiatives such as the nationwide Financial Reform Project, only banks not
credit cooperatives have benefited, explaining the low competitiveness of the latter in
Taiwans financial market.
Vn nghin cu Although attempting to reform the financial market, financial-related
research does not directly focus on market developments. In practice, while financial
organizations adopt the Experience Rule to upgrade their competitiveness, doing so often
leads to the wrong investments and subsequent defaulted loans. Moreover, despite the
ability of investment risk models to identify potentially defaulted loans by directly focusing
on market developments, previous studies have not analyzed the importance and
characteristics of credit cooperatives in this area, explaining the ineffectiveness of
governmental initiatives such as the Financial Reform Project to revive their productivity.

V d 3 (cont.)
c im k thut nh lng ca vn nghin cu This situation
is especially prevalent among credit cooperatives, explaining their
inability to reform and lower the rate of defaulted loans. Corporate
survival of credit cooperatives as financial institutions in Taiwan is at a
great risk, necessitating a further understanding of their importance
and unique features.
Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu The inability of the
Experience Rule and financial research to reduce the risk of defaulted
loans will lead to further corporate loss among Taiwans financial
organizations. Under this circumstance, Taiwanese financial
organizations will become less competitive, explaining their shrinking
number, i.e., only thirty credit cooperatives currently operating in
Taiwan as opposed to seventy two previously. Even following their
elimination, many credit cooperatives leave several unresolved
financial problems behind, subsequently creating a serious financial
crisis domestically.

V d 3 (cont.)
Mc tiu nghin cu Based on the above, we should
develop an investment risk model that analyzes the features
of credit cooperatives in Taiwan.
Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu To do
so, a questionnaire can be designed for loan officers in
credit cooperatives to accumulate relevant loan information
and background information of credit cooperatives. Features
of credit cooperatives can then be analyzed using factor
analysis. Next, factors influencing whether or not financial
officers approve loans can then be analyzed using SPSS
statistical software. Additionally, potential areas of defaulted
loans can be identified using MDS. Moreover, factors that
distinguish credit cooperatives from banks can be analyzed
using cluster analysis.

V d 3 (cont.)
Kt qu d kin As anticipated, the proposed investment risk model
can enable loan officers in banks and credit cooperatives to identify
potentially defaulted loans by directly focusing on market developments
that previous financial research neglected. Additionally, while previous
studies did not address the financial problems of credit cooperatives, the
proposed model can more thoroughly understand the features and role
of credit cooperatives by identifying factors to enhance their
performance.
ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin In addition to
compensating for limitations of previous financial research and the
Experience Rule, the proposed model can provide a valuable means of
understanding current market developments in financial organizations,
as well as assisting credit cooperatives in making secure loan decisions
to maintain its market competitiveness. Moreover, the proposed method
can provide a valuable reference for the Taiwanese Government to
initiate timely financial reforms that will enhance the role of cooperatives
in the financial market.

V d 4: Healthcare Management
Thit lp cc xut nghin cu Given rapid changes in Taiwans
healthcare environment, limited medical resources make efficient
distribution essential, which is of priority concern among health
organizations. State level administrators should analyze the
productivity of each hospital to determine whether resources are
utilized effectively.
Vn nghin cu In many countries, the public sector rather than
non-profit organizations provides the majority of commercial and social
services, making their contribution extremely difficult to measure in
terms of conventional aggregative performance indicators such as
return on investment (ROI), residual income (RI) and profitability. All
hospitals utilize resources to provide many services, i.e., a measure of
the output for healthcare organizations. Thus, assessing the efficiency
of how well input is used to produce these services is an important
measure of performance.

V d 4 (cont.)
c im k thut nh lng ca vn nghin cu
Of the 14,474 public and private medical institutions
operating in Taiwan as of the end of 1992, public and
private medical care institutions comprised ninety seven
hospitals as well as 479 clinics and 728 hospitals as well as
13,170 clinics, respectively.
Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu Given the
substantial amount of resources that governments invest in
healthcare, efficiency of public hospitals is of priority
concern. The inability to do so makes it nearly impossible to
allocate medical resources to hospitals effectively from a
governmental level.

V d 4 (cont.)
Mc tiu nghin cu Based on the above, we should analyze not only the efficiency
of healthcare services that public hospitals offer using data envelopment analysis
(DEA), but also those factors to enhance the performance of hospitals so that
administrators can revise directions in management accordingly.
Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu To do so, the efficiency of a
central government-owned hospital in Taiwan between 2002 and 2004 can be
evaluated using data envelopment analysis (DEA). As public hospitals in Taiwan are
categorized as either central government-owned, state-owned or county-owned, the
sample in this study can include central government-owned hospitals only. A multiple
regression model can then be adopted in which the efficiency score obtained from the
DEA computations is used as the dependent variable; several operating
characteristics of hospitals can be chosen as the independent variable. In Step 1, the
input and output factor that assesses the performance of a hospital can be defined.
The output includes total number of inpatient days in a facility, total number of
inpatient and outpatient surgeries, emergency room visits and total number of
outpatient visits. The input includes all facility expenses minus payroll and total
hospital bed capacity. The DEA efficiency of the health care institution can be
identified using the BCC approach. In Step 2, if the BCC efficiency value <1 the DMU
is inefficient. After all entities are evaluated for technical efficiency, the output values of
the technically inefficient units and rerun model can be increased until they attain BCC
efficiency.

V d 4 (cont.)
Kt qu d kin As anticipated, analysis results can indicate that DEA
constructs for the underlying production technology of organizations
can be analyzed from observed outputs and inputs using mathematical
programming methods.. Additionally, efficiency can be assessed
relative to the computed production capacity. Results of this study can
provide a valuable reference not only for hospital administrators, but
also policy planners. Assessing the performance of non-profit
organizations should include, in addition to efficiency, the ability to
identify and evaluate relevant operating characteristics owing to their
importance in organizational performance.
ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin Results of this study
can demonstrate that inter-temporal efficiency gains can be attained in
the healthcare sector as hospital administrators and policy planners
strive to revise management directions to increase efficiency.

Ti liu tham kho

Knoy, T (2002) Writing Effective Work
Proposals. Taipei: Yang Chih Publishing

Further details can be found at

http://www.chineseowl.idv.tw