Vit Ting Anh Hc Thut

T chc lp vit bo khoa hc thng mi ng

trn tp ch quc t (5)
(Industrial Management, Healthcare Management)
Kha Thi c
i hc Y Dc TP H Ch Minh Gim c trung tm vit bo khoa hc bng
ting Anh

http://www.chineseowl.idv.tw

Tiu s c nhn
Kha Thi c (Ted Knoy) dy vit ting Anh k
thut trong cc trng i hc i Loan hn hai
mi nm. ng l tc gi ca mi bn cun sch
v vit ting Anh k thut v chuyn nghip. ng
thnh lp mt trung tm vit ting Anh ti trng i
hc Y Yunpei ng thi cng l ging vin ton thi
gian ti trng. ng chnh sa trn 55,000 bi
vit cho vic ng bo nghin cu khoa hc t nm
1989. ng l cng nh bin tp ting anh cho mt s
tp ch v khoa hc, k thut v y hc ca i Loan.

A. Nn tng (Background)

Thit lp cc xut nghin cu (Setting of research proposal): M t

mt xu hng ph bin, pht trin hoc hin tng trong lnh vc ca bn
ngi c c th hiu c bi cnh m bn xut nghin cu ang
c thc hin .

Vn nghin cu (Research problem) : M t cc hn ch chnh hoc

tht bi ca cc nghin cu trc y hoc cc phng php nghin
cu khi gii quyt cc xu hng, pht trin hoc hin tng nu .

c im k thut nh lng ca vn nghin cu (Quantitative

specification of research problem): nh lng hoc a ra mt v d v
vn nghin cu c trch dn trong ti liu tham kho trc .

Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu (Importance of research

problem) : M t cc hu qu v mt l thuyt v thc t nu khng gii
quyt vn nghin cu.

B. Thc hin (Action)

Mc tiu nghin cu (Research objective) : M t mc tiu ca nghin

cu xut ca bn v bao gm cc c im chnh ring bit ca
nghin cu t c mc tiu nghin cu , iu m khng c
thc hin trong nghin cu trc y ( mt cu )

Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu (Methodology to

achieve research objective) : M t ba hoc bn bc chnh t
c mc tiu nghin cu ca bn .

Kt qu d kin ( Anticipated results) : M t cc kt qu nh lng

m bn hy vng s t c trong nghin cu ca bn.

ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin (Theoretical and

practical contribution to field) : M t cch thc phng php hoc
kt qu nghin cu xut ca bn s ng gp v mt l thuyt trong
lnh vc nghin cu, quy lut v cng ng gp thit thc trong sn
xut, ngnh cng nghip dch v.

V d 1: Industrial Management
Thit lp cc xut nghin cu Logistics centers play a pivotal role in
ensuring that the importing and exporting activities of international firms are
implemented efficiently, ensuring that commercial trade can satisfy
consumer demand and offer quality services. While enterprises outsource
their logistic needs for various reasons, of priority concern is reducing
overhead costs and increasing efficiency.
Vn nghin cu However, conventional management practices of
logistics centers have difficulty in complying with the demands of local
enterprises, negatively impacting the quality of services delivered. owing to
the inability to effectively respond to corporate changes such as the
demand for increasingly smaller products and materials, a shorter product
life cycle, and limited time in ordering and purchasing goods. Given the
important role that logistics centers play in an enterprises success,
lowering overhead costs is essential in the following areas: inventory
management, transportation management, circulation and processing,
technological know how and information infrastructure. In terms of service,
a rapid reaction and ability to cooperate with enterprises is vital for logistics
centers

V d 1 (cont.)
c im k thut nh lng ca vn nghin cu According to
statistics from 1996 to 1998, only 15% of all local enterprises in
Hsinchu City chose logistics centers to fulfill importing and exporting
requirements owing their lack of confidence in their effectiveness.
Moreover, according to a Ministry of Economic Affairs report in 1999 ,
although market demand for logistical support exceeds 55%, logistics
firms fulfill only around 35% of that demand.
Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu The lack of confidence
among local enterprises in the quality of services offered by logistics
centers will not only curtail the growth of this sector, but also impede
sound management practices in importing and exporting. The inability
to enhance the quality of service stems from the inability to identify the
consumer demand, understand customer's intentions and offer quality
services that satisfy consumer demand. the enterprise corporation
great impact if without choosing good the logistics center to grow up on
the performances of enterprises.

V d 1 (cont.)
Mc tiu nghin cu Based on the above, we should develop a flexible and
accurate fuzzy theory-based AHP method that applies fuzzy theory to the
business ratings of logistics centers, providing corporate managers with an
effective criterion to assess the management practices of logistics centers and
the quality of services delivered. In doing so, enterprises can identify the
specialties of logistics centers and construct an effective criterion to for
administrators to evaluate the effectiveness of logistics centers based on a clear
criteria.
Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu To do so, a questionnaire
can be designed based on interviews with managers of logistics centers. Data
obtained from those interviews regarding service quality can then be analyzed
using the AHP method and fuzzy theory. Next, service quality of logistics
centers can be determined using an AHP-based criteria. Additionally, quality of
service can be assessed based on the corporate expectations, enabling us to
select the best logistics center from available options. Moreover, customer
service and other special services can be incorporated into efforts to achieve
customer satisfaction. In sum, outsourcing corporate needs to logistics centers
requires satisfying specific demands that are flexible in responding to sudden
changes in a business environment.

V d 1 (cont.)
Kt qu d kin As anticipated, the proposed fuzzy theory-based AHP method can
enable local enterprises to evaluate the effectiveness of logistics centers based on a
criterion index, subsequently increasing corporate competitiveness and efficiency by
25% while reducing personnel costs by 10%. Additionally, the proposed method
provides an effective means of assessing the quality of services provided by
logistics centers, Logistics centers must respond to specialized consumer demands.
For instance, inventory stock management must comply with Just In Time policies,
in which orders are combined into order Consolidation , effective customer reaction,
i.e., - Efficient Consumer Response (ECR ), a fast reaction, i.e., Quick Response
(QR ) , continuously mending Goods for- Continuous Replenishment Process
(CRP ), and managing stocks, in which the vendor acts on behalf of others. Various
demands include Managed Inventory (VMI ).
ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin Importantly, the proposed AHPbased method and fuzzy theory can provide an effective means of assessing the
quality of services provided by logistics centers, thus offering the eenterprise
managers corporation chief executive officer(CEO ), to propose with the ability to
enhance the quality of serviceng and improving the strategy-tactics model for the
logistics centersstrategic management procedures, . ultimately enhancing the global
competitiveness of Taiwanese enterprises by providing them with clear management
guidelines for evaluating their suppliers.

V d 2: Healthcare Management
Thit lp cc xut nghin cu Since its establishment in 1995,
Taiwans National Health Insurance scheme has strived to provide
medical coverage for all of the islands residents under the auspices of
the National Health Insurance Bureau. By 2005, the National Health
Insurance Bureau was approaching bankruptcy, making it extremely
difficult to effectively manage the financial resources of hospitals. Given
continuous advances in medical science and medical instrumentation,
the medical sector in Taiwan has become intensely competitive,
necessitating that hospitals provide quality medical services under
limited medical resources. Given the islands elevated living standards,
an increasing health consciousness among the general public has led
to a strong societal demand for hospitals to offer high quality medical
treatment and services. Generally, rather than concerned with the price
of medical treatment, patients are more concerned with the level of
treatment.

V d 2 (cont.)
Vn nghin cu Despite the high quality medical care provided,
hospitals often have difficulty in understanding customers needs. More
specifically, conventional statistical methods such as AHP and TOPSIS
cannot analyze how patients select a hospital for treatment, making it
extremely difficult to devise effective business management strategies.
c im k thut nh lng ca vn nghin cu For example,
of the nearly 200 patients expressing dissatisfaction with Wanfang
Hospital in 2004, 30% resented medical care, 25% felt that medical
personnel had poor professional attitudes, 25% were dissatisfied with
hardware equipment and the remaining 20% expressed dissatisfaction
over a miscellaneous range of items.
Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu Given the lost revenues of
nearly 25% from governmental subsidized care, Wangfang Hospital
finds it nearly impossible to increase revenues generated from nonsubsidized patients without clearly analyzing patient
satisfaction/dissatisfaction levels.

V d 2 (cont.)
Mc tiu nghin cu Based on the above, we should develop a patient selection model using
AHP and TOPSIS, which analyzes incoming hospital patients with respect to public image of
the hospital, the current market demand for specific services, efforts to gain the confidence of
patients in the quality of medical services. According to the decision making rule, patients
normally assess the unique features of a hospital when they visit a physician. More than
previously, patients will assess the quality of a hospital before selecting which one to receive
medical treatment. Identifying the factors why patients select a certain hospital for treatment is
thus of priority concern.
Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu To do so, AHP and TOPSIS can be
adopted to analyze incoming hospital patients with respect to public image of the hospital, the
current market demand for specific services, efforts to gain the confidence of patients in the
quality of medical services in patients mind and factors why patients select a certain hospital
for treatment. A frame questionnaire can then be designed by incorporating the basic
requirements of patients, including intangible ones such as respect. To our knowledge,
patients hospitalized for over three days in a medical center in Taipei are analyzed for the first
time in this study with respect to the above factors. Use of PZB in the twenty-two item
questionnaire can enhance its effectiveness, including factors such as tangibles, reliability,
responsiveness, assurance and empathy. Next, the following criterion can be adopted to
analyze the questionnaire results: physicians are qualified and reliable; medical staff has
received sufficient training; physicians are willing to offer valuable clinical information;
physicians express concern for their patients; medical staff display a professional attitude; and
the hospital honors patient confidentiality. Additionally, SPSS software package can be used to
analyze those results. Moreover, four assumptions can be raised:

V d 2 (cont.)
Kt qu d kin As anticipated, the proposed patient
selection model can be established using AHP and
TOPSIS, which conventional statistical models are
incapable of doing. While influencing which hospital that a
patient selects, quality of hospital services does not
necessarily improve customer satisfaction.
ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin
Importantly, the proposed model can provide an effective
strategy for hospitals attempting to generate revenues
independently of the national health insurance scheme.

V d 3: Healthcare Management
Thit lp cc xut nghin cu A rapidly growing elderly population
poses a major challenge for long-term care management, requiring
immediate solutions given changing family structures and the frequency
of chronic illnesses. Employees in hospital subsidized respiratory care
centers, respiratory care wards and nursing homes are nearly all nursing
care attendants. Belonging to a sub-specialized field of a medical
department, nursing care attendants do not hold specialized license
certification nor have a certain academic level. These workers simply
require basic healthcare training skills and knowledge of hospital or
governmental infrastructure to perform their tasks efficiently. Playing an
important role in Taiwanese society, nursing care attendants accompany
disabled individuals and provide assistance in daily activities such as
taking a bath, taking meals, monitoring urinary or stool specimens,
changing the posture of incapacitated stroke victims and providing
general comfort. Despite their contributions, most nursing care
attendants lack a uniform management approach to ensure the quality of
service given that these workers have no restrictions on age, education
or experience - just that they are mentally and physically sound.

V d 3 (cont.)
Vn nghin cu Despite the abundance of outsourcing agencies for
nursing care attendants, the lack of standardized training makes it impossible to
control the quality of service provided island wide. Moreover, changes in
Taiwans National Health Insurance scheme have led to an emphasis on
controlling personnel costs while maintaining highly quality services, further
contributing to the outsourcing of nursing care attendants.
c im k thut nh lng ca vn nghin cu Generally, relatives
or the patient directly employ nursing care attendants without adequate
evaluative criteria to select the most appropriate care provider. Additionally,
outsourcing firms also lack objective criteria in selecting nursing care
attendants, leading to widespread customer dissatisfaction and increasing
management difficulty.
Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu Given the twenty two hospital
subsidized nursing homes and eighteen respiratory care wards currently
operating in Taiwan, the importance of nursing care attendants is obvious. The
inability to manage effectively the quality of service that nursing care attendants
provide will lead to a further decline in hospital revenues, eventually leading to
a reduction in personnel and community services.

V d 3 (cont.)
Mc tiu nghin cu Based on the above, we should develop
an effective selection model for use in evaluating outsourced
nursing care attendants to help hospital administrators select
the most productive outsourcing agencies.
Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu To do so,
evaluative criteria for hospital administrators to select among
agencies that outsource nursing care attendants can be
established using a nominal group technique-based method.
The relative weights of evaluative criteria can then be
determined using fuzzy theory and the analytic hierarchy
process (AHP) to rank alternatives and select the most
appropriate outsourcing agencies, subsequently enabling
hospital administrators to achieve an objective evaluative
criteria to make decisions optimally.

V d 3 (cont.)
Kt qu d kin As anticipated, the proposed selection
model based on fuzzy theory and the AHP method can
provide an objective means of evaluating the quality of
nursing care attendants, thus enhancing the quality of
service, increasing customer satisfaction and lowering
personnel costs.
ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin Via an
objective evaluative criteria, optimum alternatives to
outsource nursing care needs in Taiwan can be selected
efficiently.

V d 4: Industrial Management
Thit lp cc xut nghin cu Unforeseeable circumstances in the constantly
fluctuating business climate necessitate that enterprises adopt effective inventory
management practices to strengthen their competitive edge. Inventory stock is
often viewed as a somewhat static resource of economic value, with the quality of
its management directly impacting company operations. Therefore, an effective
stock inventory system is essential in the supply chain of commercial activities.
Vn nghin cu However, while focusing on specific stock inventory systems to
achieve the most appropriate design, previous studies have seldom addressed the
supplying chain strategy for stock inventory of multiple products and many
suppliers. The research directions and research methods in inventory stock policies
developed previously widely vary. While some policies emphasize reducing the
retailers costs, others focus on decreasing the producers overhead costs. While
fierce market competition makes it difficult for a company to assess its current
market position, efforts must be made to consider how to effectively manage stock
inventory so that both the producer and the retail reap profits. Either simulation or
statistical approaches are adopted to establish inventory stock management
policies. Simulation requires much time, making it inefficient with questionable
results. Statistical approaches can only offer guidelines aimed at simplifying either
the inventory stock administrative system or a complex system intended to establish
approximate mathematical patterns; such approaches are often difficult to interpret.

V d 4 (cont.)
c im k thut nh lng ca vn nghin cu According to
investigations of commercial practices in the United States over the past decade,
the oversupply of inventory stock accounts for 20% of the gross domestic product
(GDP) in the United States, subsequently tying up an enterprise's funds. The
American Council of Logistics Management Statistics recently indicated that 20% 30% of revenues generated from sales of different industries is consumed in the
interflow of commodities. Suppliers and manufacturers have many unnecessary
overhead costs that can be identified through an effective inventory stock
administrative system. Maloni and Benton (1997) suggested that instituting
inventory management procedures throughout the entire supply chain can
significantly reduce overhead costs, simplify the interflow of commodities, increase
the sharing of information, and allow each unit in the supply chain to increase
economic benefits through efficiency.
Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu As short supply or overstocked inventory
is a common dilemma in modern business, the inability to enhance stock inventory
management practices will exacerbate short supply situations, increase customer
dissatisfaction, create bottlenecks on the production line and tarnish an enterprises
reputation. Correspondingly, overstocked inventory will tie up company funds,
subsequently reducing the return rate of investment and the turnover rate of total
assets, ultimately lowering the effectiveness of enterprise management.

V d 4 (cont.)
Mc tiu nghin cu Based on the above, we should develop an
inventory stock management modelthat coordinates the efforts of
suppliers and retailers, in which the inventory stock model of
distribution for the normality is adopted to determine the minimum total
cost via the metering method.
Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu To do so, the (s,
Q) policy of the inventory stock between the supplier and the
manufacturer can be adopted to reduce the amount of minimum stock
required to reduce the total cost when ordering larger quantities.
Problems encountered between the supplier and the manufacturer in
predicting the required amount of inventory stock can be addressed
individually. Next, the stock model (s , Q) can be utilized to derive the
inventory stock models for the supplier and manufacturer without
complex mathematical equations For the inventory stock cost, sales
volume and orders in short supply, the most appropriate control
channel can be adopted by the supplier and the manufacturer, followed
by mathematical analysis and estimation.

V d 4 (cont.)
Kt qu d kin As anticipated, the proposed inventory
management model can determine the most economic
purchasing amount, purchasing opportunity and inventory
stock policy for both the supplier and the manufacturer.
ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin By using
random and the most appropriate control measures, the
proposed management model can determine precisely the
demand between the supplier and the manufacturers,
reduce overhead costs and enable enterprise managers to
select the most effective inventory stock policy to enhance
overall operations.

Ti liu tham kho

Knoy, T (2002) Writing Effective Work
Proposals. Taipei: Yang Chih Publishing

Further details can be found at

http://www.chineseowl.idv.tw