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Peel Test
Shown in the figure:
Visual Inspection
Radiography
[Drawbacks]
The time element in
developing the negative and
obtaining the necessary
information
Impracticability of taking the
welded parts to the X-ray
machine with the attendant
time element involved
Not all faults are revealed
Interpretation of radiographs
requires a highly skilled
technician
Button
Diameter
Full Button
Irregular Button
Interfacial Failure
Undersized
Button
Buttons/Strip Diameter (mm)
Percent
Heat (%)
[Reference: SAE
840291, Patrick,
Auhl, and Sun]
Number of Welds
Number of Welds
6009/6009
Small
Cracking
5182/5182
Large Center
Porosity
2036/2036
Large
Cracking
Oversize nugget
Excessive diameter
Excessive penetration
1V
Force
1 kN
Welding Force
0.25 mm
5.0 kA rms
0.1 sec
Forge Force
Displacement
Current
0.7 kN
Current
Force
0.2 mm
Displacement
1.0 V (p-t-p)
Voltage
Zero line
for force
[Reference: Guidelines
to Resistance Spot
Welding Aluminum
Automotive Sheet,
p.9, The Aluminum
Association]
Joint
Strength
Shunt
Resistance
Spot spacing
Shown in left figure