Vit Ting Anh Hc Thut

T chc lp vit bo khoa hc Y khoa ng trn

tp ch quc t (7)
Radiotechnology
Kha Thi c
i hc Y Dc TP H Ch Minh Gim c trung tm vit bo khoa hc bng
ting Anh

http://www.chineseowl.idv.tw

Tiu s c nhn
Kha Thi c (Ted Knoy) dy vit ting Anh k
thut trong cc trng i hc i Loan hn hai
mi nm. ng l tc gi ca mi bn cun sch
v vit ting Anh k thut v chuyn nghip. ng
thnh lp mt trung tm vit ting Anh ti trng i
hc Y Yunpei ng thi cng l ging vin ton thi
gian ti trng. ng chnh sa trn 55,000 bi
vit cho vic ng bo nghin cu khoa hc t nm
1989. ng l cng nh bin tp ting anh cho mt s
tp ch v khoa hc, k thut v y hc ca i Loan.

A. Nn tng (Background)

Thit lp cc xut nghin cu (Setting of research proposal): M t

mt xu hng ph bin, pht trin hoc hin tng trong lnh vc ca bn
ngi c c th hiu c bi cnh m bn xut nghin cu ang
c thc hin .

Vn nghin cu (Research problem) : M t cc hn ch chnh hoc

tht bi ca cc nghin cu trc y hoc cc phng php nghin
cu khi gii quyt cc xu hng, pht trin hoc hin tng nu .

c im k thut nh lng ca vn nghin cu (Quantitative

specification of research problem): nh lng hoc a ra mt v d v
vn nghin cu c trch dn trong ti liu tham kho trc .

Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu (Importance of research

problem) : M t cc hu qu v mt l thuyt v thc t nu khng gii
quyt vn nghin cu.

B. Thc hin (Action)

Mc tiu nghin cu (Research objective) : M t mc tiu ca nghin

cu xut ca bn v bao gm cc c im chnh ring bit ca
nghin cu t c mc tiu nghin cu , iu m khng c
thc hin trong nghin cu trc y ( mt cu )

Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu (Methodology to

achieve research objective) : M t ba hoc bn bc chnh t
c mc tiu nghin cu ca bn .

Kt qu d kin ( Anticipated results) : M t cc kt qu nh lng

m bn hy vng s t c trong nghin cu ca bn.

ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin (Theoretical and

practical contribution to field) : M t cch thc phng php hoc
kt qu nghin cu xut ca bn s ng gp v mt l thuyt trong
lnh vc nghin cu, quy lut v cng ng gp thit thc trong sn
xut, ngnh cng nghip dch v.

V d 1: Radiotechnology
Thit lp cc xut nghin cu Measuring physiological signals plays an
important role in medical or clinical studies, as evidenced by numerous
electrophysiological studies attempting to acquire various physiological signals
emitted from pain in order to develop adequate monitoring and recording systems.
Vn nghin cu Despite the abundance of electrophysiological investigations
in this area, no objective and precise method is available to evaluate pain in clinical
practice.
c im k thut nh lng ca vn nghin cu For instance,
conventionally adopted electrophysiolgical systems have only a single channel, thus
expending considerable time. The ability to use multi-channel recording systems
would not only save experimental time, but also detect the reproducibility of the
recordings without delay.
Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu The inability to construct a standardized,
multi-channel system makes it impossible to compensate for the lack of currentsource-density (CSD) analysis obtained from stimulations, without which, makes it
extremely difficult to understand the distribution of touch or pain responses.
Therefore, a multi-channel microelectrode incorporated with a customized multichannel recording amplifier must be designed to record multi-channel evoked
potentials and quantitatively evaluate clinical pain.

V d 1 (cont.)
Mc tiu nghin cu Based on the above, we should design a multi-channel
microelectrode incorporated with a customized multi-channel recording amplifier
to record multi-channel evoked potentials and quantitatively evaluate clinical
pain.
Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu To do so, glass
microelectrodes can be used to record cerebral evoked potentials caused by
electrical or mechanical stimuli. The responsive centers can then be identified
via current-source-density (CSD) analyses. Next, a concentration can be made
of sixteen channels in one system, which consists of amplifiers and filers
capable of preventing too many falling heads.
Kt qu d kin As anticipated, the multi-channel microelectrode incorporated
with a customized multi-channel recording amplifier can markedly reduce the
time required to perform electrophysiological experiments and reproduce
experiments.
ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin While adequate monitoring
and recording systems can build up public confidence in the reliability of
laboratory results, further clinical trials of this systems can increase diagnosis
efficiency and detect diseases in their early stages for immediate treatment.

V d 2: Radiotechnology
Thit lp cc xut nghin cu Coronary artery angiography (CAG) can not
divide the severity of left main coronary artery (LMCA) with plaque or fibrous lesion,
making impossible an appropriate and immediate treatment strategy and
necessitating an alternative means of determining the severity of a lesion to
prescribe such a strategy. In practice, CAG displays coronary arteries by combining
an x-ray intensity of 100~150 kVp and 10 mAs, making it further impossible to
acquire the images of plaque and fibrous lesion with a low intensity X-ray and
explaining why the severity of the lesion is often underestimated.
Vn nghin cu For overcoming this problem, although scanning these images
with intra-vessel ultrasound (IVUS) is a feasible alternative, how to define an
accurate stenosis rate when calculating the cross-section area ratio is problematic.
c im k thut nh lng ca vn nghin cu The reference is defined
as the LMCA with IVUS scanning. The clinical criteria value of a normal vessel
cross-section area (CSA) is defined as the percentage confident area (Mean lumen
area minus 2* standard deviation)
Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu Although the control group can be
defined as the LMCA with CAG, whether it is normal can not be determined by
comparing their CSA results. Consequently, a precise treatment strategy can not be
devised without comparing the criteria value and the abnormal value.

V d 2 (cont.)
Mc tiu nghin cu Based on the above, we should attempt to determine
the ratio of the plaque and fibrous lesion to CSA in order to enable medical
personnel to assess the severity of a lesion.
Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu To do so, severity of a
lesion can be determined based on the melanized value of the x-ray
penetrating various density materials. The vessel lumen can then be directly
scanned using IVUS and, in doing so, not only divide different stenosis
rates but also display the anatomy three-dimensionally.
Kt qu d kin As anticipated, analysis results can verify the
effectiveness of IVUS scanning in providing a safe and accurate means of
diagnosing patients, enabling medical personnel to prescribe accurate
treatment based on IVUS results.
ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin In contrast with CAG,
IVUS is a safe, immediate and precise diagnosis method that can not only
facilitate an evaluation of lesions in the LMCA, but also enable cardiologists
to effectively treat patients and, ultimately lower the mortality rate of CAD
patients and medical expenses.

V d 3: Radiotechnology
Thit lp cc xut nghin cu Portable x-ray machines are
extensively adopted in hospitals as auxiliary equipment to diagnose
illnesses, enabling medical technicians to free move around hospital wards
with these machines that strictly adhere to certain radiation level
requirements in patient-physician consultation rooms, but not so for
general waiting areas for sick patients.
Vn nghin cu However, patient-physician consultation rooms are
constructed of a lead-laden protective shelter, while general waiting areas
for sick patients are not, only blocking ordinary radiation levels by three
lead-laden protective screens. 3D space measurements are difficult to
quantify.
c im k thut nh lng ca vn nghin cu Doing so
involves adopting a mode of isodose curve in which the data distributed
dose of a 3D space is quantified.
Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu The traditional tubes of an x-ray
machine that illuminate the angle will influence the extent to which radiation
is distributed.

V d 3 (cont.)
Mc tiu nghin cu Given the difficulty in quantifying 3D space measurements, we
should attempt to determine the distribution of radiation dosage from portable x-ray
machines in general waiting areas for sick patients via simulation, results of which can
provide a valuable reference for concerns over radiation protection in a clinical
diagnosis setting.
Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu To do so, clinical diagnosis or
treatment can be simulated, in which radiation is distributed in a 3D space. Exactly
how radiation dose is distributed in medical personnel and patients can then be
understood. Next, simulation of RANDO phantoms can be observed with respect to
the influence of x-ray scattering during clinical diagnosis. Additionally, a TLD chip can
be suspended at varying heights in the level layer of three planes. Moreover, TLD data
can be obtained after analyzing the radiation distribution.
Kt qu d kin As anticipated, analysis results can identify the optimal radiation
dose distribution in a 3D space, thus clarifying not only how radiation dose is
distributed in medical personnel and patients and what radiation protection equipment
is available, but also how radiation in a lead laden protective screen can be stopped.
ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin Results of this study can
demonstrate that lead laden protective screen can prevent 96 % of all radiation
leakage from harming medical personnel and patients.

V d 4: Radiotechnology
Thit lp cc xut nghin cu The increasing use of CT, MRI, PET/CT and
linear accelerators in the radiation therapy and chemotherapy of patients with
nasal and pharyngeal cancer tumors patients has increased their life expectancy by
five years.
Vn nghin cu However, adverse effects of skin reactions, hearing loss and
oral mucositis that occur after irradiation during the early stages of radiation therapy
are irreversible reactions. An increasing number of patients with adverse effects
such esophageal inflammation or oral ulcers experienced extreme discomfort In
practice, such adverse effects are assumed to be irreversible, explaining the lack of
medical therapy methods to avert these radiation therapy-induced effects.
c im k thut nh lng ca vn nghin cu For instance, in addition
to affecting the eating habits of patients, radiation therapy may damage their
immune system given the decreasing number of white cells, ultimately leading to
discontinued therapy and a shorter life span.
Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu The inability to identify these radiation
therapy and chemotherapy-induced adverse effects makes it impossible to alleviate
patient discomfort and achieve curative healing in five years.

V d 4 (cont.)
Mc tiu nghin cu Based on the above, we should develop a curative
method administering benzdamine corufflam to alleviate patient discomfort
and recede inflammation during radiation therapy.
Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu To do so, two control
groups can be formed, including fifty patients who take comfflam three
times daily at a doseof 5mg each time. The medicine can be sprayed on the
area requiring curative treatment in one group. Given the capability of
comfflam to stabilize cell membranes, the conduction of inflammation
material can be reduced to reduce patient discomfort and anthemia locally.
Kt qu d kin As anticipated, The proposed curative method can
effectively reduce inflammation levels via medical instrumentation. Patient
harm and discomfort can also be alleviated; the curative rate can be
increased as well.
ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin Importantly,
administering the comfflam spray containing benzydamine can markedly
reduce irradiation-induced adverse effects, subsequently encouraging
patients to continue with the therapeutic treatment.

Ti liu tham kho

Knoy, T (2002) Writing Effective Work
Proposals. Taipei: Yang Chih Publishing

Further details can be found at

http://www.chineseowl.idv.tw