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Supplementary Training

Modules on GMP
Air Handling Systems
Heating
Ventilation and
Air Conditioning (HVAC)
Part 2: Components

Module 3, Part 2: Components

Slide 1 of 20

WHO - EDM

Air Handling Systems


Purpose of an air handling system

Air Handling
System

Supply
Air

Module 3, Part 2: Components

Production Room
With
Defined
Requirements

Slide 2 of 20

Outlet
Air

WHO - EDM

Air Handling Systems


Objectives
In the following slides, we will study the
components of air handling systems in order to:
1.

become familiar with the components

2.

know their functions

3.

become aware of possible problems

Module 3, Part 2: Components

Slide 3 of 20

WHO - EDM

Air Handling Systems


Main subsystems
Exhaust air treatment

Fresh air treatment


(make-up air)

Terminal air treatment


at production room level

Production Room
Central air handling unit

Module 3, Part 2: Components

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Air Handling Systems


Overview components
Exhaust Air Grille

Silencer

Weather louvre

Flow rate controller

Fan

Control damper

Filter

Heater

+
Humidifier

Prefilter

Heating
coil

Cooling coil
with droplet
separator

Module 3, Part 2: Components

Terminal filter

Secondary Filter

Production Room

Re-circulated air

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Air Handling Systems


Components
(1)

Weather louvre

To prevent insects, leaves, dirt


and rain from entering

Silencer

To reduce noise caused by air


circulation

Flow rate
controller

Control damper

Module 3, Part 2: Components

Automated adjustment of
volume of air (night and day,
pressure control)
Fixed adjustment of volume of air

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WHO - EDM

Air Handling Systems


Components
(2)

Heating unit

To heat the air to the proper temperature

Cooling

unit
/dehumidifier

To cool the air to the required temperature


or to remove moisture from the air

Humidifier

To bring the air to the proper humidity, if


too low

Filters

To eliminate particles of pre-determined


dimensions and/or micro-organisms

Ducts

To transport the air

Module 3, Part 2: Components

Slide 7 of 20

WHO - EDM

Air Handling Systems


Problems with components
Flow rate
controller

Control damper

Humidifier

Cooling battery

Filters
Ducts

Module 3, Part 2: Components

Blocked
Poorly adjusted, bad pressure differential system
Bad water/steam quality/poor drainage
No elimination of condensed water/poor
drainage
Incorrect retention rate/damaged/badly installed
Inappropriate material/internal insulator
leaking

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Air Handling Systems


Air types

Fresh air
(make-up air)

Supply
air

Exhaust
air

Production Room

Return air
(re-circulated)

Module 3, Part 2: Components

Slide 9 of 20

WHO - EDM

Air Handling Systems


Comparing International Cleanroom
Classifications
Particles / m3

0.5m
1
3,5
10
35
100
353
1.000
3.530

US 209D
nonmetric

1
10
100

US 209E
1992
metric

M1
M 1.5
M2
M 2.5
M3
M 3.5

EC cGMP
Annex I
1997

A, B

Germany
VDI 2083
1990

UK
BS 5295
1989

Japan
ISO 14644JIS B 9920
1
1989

E or F

G or H

A= unidirectional
B= turbulent

10.000
35.300
100.000
353.000
1.000.000
3.530.000
10.000.000

1.000
10.000
100.000

M4
M 4.5
M5
M 5.5
M6
M 6.5
M7

Module 3, Part 2: Components

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WHO - EDM

Air Handling Systems


Filter classes

Dust filters

Standard

Aerosol

Coarse

Fine

HEPA

Dp > 10 m

10 m > Dp > 1 m

G1 - G4

F5 - F9

Dp < 1 m

H 11 - 13

EN 779 Standard

Module 3, Part 2: Components

ULPA

U 14- 17
EN 1822 Standard

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Air Handling Systems


Classification of filters according to their efficiency

F9

Average Efficiency
Integral Value
Retention in Penetration
%
85
0.15

H11

95

0.05

H12

99.5

5x10

-3

97.5

25x10

-3

H13

99.95

5x10

-4

99.75

25x10

-4

U14

99.995

5x10

-5

99.975

25x10

-5

Module 3, Part 2: Components

Peak Arrestance
Local Value
Efficiency Penetration

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Air Handling Systems


HEPA or tertiaary filter

Primary panel filter

Secondary filter
Module 3, Part 2: Components

Slide 13 of 20

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Air Handling Systems


Humidifier

Silencer

and
cooling units

Module 3, Part 2: Components

Slide 14 of 20

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Heating

Air Handling Systems

Control damper for air flow


Humid room air

Adsorber wheel

Regeneration air

Dry air

AHU with fan Variable


Speed Controller

Humid room air


Filter Pressure
Gauges

Air heater

De-humidification

Module 3, Part 2: Components

Air handling unit


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Air Handling Systems


1
2

3
4

1 Filter
Swirl
2 Tightening frame
3 Register outlet
4 Screw fixation for
register

Module 3, Part 2: Components

Type air diffusors with


terminal filters
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Air Handling Systems

High induction
office type diffusor
(avoid)
Module 3, Part 2: Components

Slide 17 of 20

Low induction
swirl diffusor
(preferred)
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Air Handling Systems


Regulation of room pressure pressure
differentials concept

Room pressure
gauges
Room pressure indication panel

Annex 1, 17.26
Module 3, Part 2: Components

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Air Handling Systems


Pressure cascade injectables
Protection from micro-organisms and particles

R oom 1

R oom 2

30 Pa

60 Pa

R oom 3
45 Pa

A
LF

D
A ir L o c k
45 Pa

A ir L o c k
B

15 Pa
30 Pa

Passage

A ir
Lock

0 Pa

Annex 1, 17.24, 17.25


N o te : D i r e c ti o n o f d o o r o p e n i n g r e l a ti v e to r o o m p r e s s u r e

Module 3, Part 2: Components

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Air Handling Systems


Pressure cascade solids
Protection from cross-contamination
R oom 1

R oom 2

R oom 3

15 Pa

15 Pa

15 Pa

A ir L o c k

A ir L o c k
A ir
30 Pa

Passage

Lock

0 Pa

15 Pa

N o te : D i r e c ti o n o f d o o r o p e n i n g r e l a ti v e to r o o m p r e s s u r e

Module 3, Part 2: Components

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WHO - EDM

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