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CAPE INFORMATION

TECHNOLOGY Unit 2
INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
Unit 2 SO 4

tabase Management - Advantages and Disadvantag


Explain
the
advantages of using
a database approach
compared to using
traditional
file
processing;

Advantages
including
speed,
efficiency,
cost;
data
quality:
completeness, validity, consistency,
timeliness
and
accuracy;
data
handling, data processing.

What are Traditional File


Processing systems?
Traditional file based system is basically a file

based system, in which we manually handle


the database such as updating, inserting,
deletion or adding new files to database, etc.
ADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGES

Need of external storage


No need of highly technical person to
handle the database.

Provide less security.


Redundancy is high
Less integrity
High complexity in updating of
database records
Processing speed is low.

What is a Database?
Fields

a structured collection
of records or
data that is stored
in a computer system

This represents 1
unit of
information in a
database e.g.
Title of DVD,
Genre

Records

Contains information relating to 1 item of data in


a DB

What is a Database
Management System
(DBMS)?
is computer software designed for the

purpose of managing databases based on a


variety of data models
Confidentiality, privacy and

Security can be
improved

Redundancies can
be improved!

Integrity can be improved

security
Data quality concerns

Advantages

Better services
to users
Disadvantages
Cost of delivering and
maintaining the system is
lowered
Standards can be enforced
Faster response to query processing

Data integrity concerns


Enterprise vulnerability
may be higher
The cost of using DBMS

Database Views
view that the individual user of the
database has
the information model of the enterprise and
contains the view of the whole enterprise
without any concern for the physical
implementation
view about the actual physical storage of
data

Role of Database
Administrator
Deciding and Loading the Database
Contents
Assisting and Approving Applications
and Access
Deciding Data Structures
Backup and Recovery
Monitor Actual Usage

CAPE INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY Unit 2
INFORMATION
MANAGEMENT
Organization of files and databases
Unit 2 SO 5
Describe the different
types and organization
of files and databases;

File types including master and transaction


files; file organization including serial,
sequential, random or direct, indexed
sequential
database
types
including
personal, workgroup, department and
enterprise
databases;
database

Files Types in Database


MASTER FILE
TR
AN
SA
CT
IO
N
Check this out!

A master file or master table


contains a group of common
records. Item Data, Customer Data,
and Supplier Data are examples of
tables.

Additional Conten
t

FIL
E

A computer file containing


relatively transient data
about a particular data
processing task

File Access Methods:


Sequential vs. Direct
Serial Access
This means ...start at the
beginning of the file and
access each record
in turn until the one
needed is found.
If files are stored
on magnetic tape
then serial access
is the only method
of access.

Quiz!

Direct Access
The computer can calculate
(from the key field)
where the record is stored
in the file, and can then access
the record directly from that position.
Direct Access can only be used
if files are stored on media such
as disk, CD, DVD. Direct Access
of records will generally be much faster
than Serial Access.
Direct Access is
also known as Random Access.

File Access Methods:


Sequential Access
Sequential Access

A group of elements (e.g. data in a


memory array or a
disk file or on a tape) is
accessed in a
predetermined,
ordered sequence

base
Data

Personal used for recording


self information and for
ones own access. A database
created to store phone
contacts and
addresses and friends
would be a good example.

Departmental - by a unit in an
organization which provides
some functional
application of the
data in the
departments domain

s
Type
Workgroup used by teams
working on tasks
that needs access to the same data.

Enterprise - Centralized data


that is shared by
many users throughout
the organization

Database Organization
NETWORK
DATABASE

HIERARCHICAL
DATABASE

RELATIONAL
DATABASE
OBJECT ORIENTED
DATABASE

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