Training report

On
Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd
ASWINKUMAR.R
ECE -PRE Final
year

Company Profile

Head Office

AN Introduction Of Bsnl
Type
Communication Service Provider
Availability
Countrywide except Delhi &
Mumbai
Owner
The Government of India
Founded
19th century, incorporated 2000
Website
www.bsnl.in

Industry
Information
Sector

Communication

Industry

Telecommunications

Key People
Chairman & Managing Director: Rakesh Kumar
Upadhyay

Financial Highlights
Fiscal Year End:

March

Revenue (2009-10):

32,045 Crore (US$7.15

billion)
299,840 (March 31, 2009)

Employees (2010):

BSNL Services

Cellular Service
Basic Telephone Services
Internet
3G
Intelligent Network
IPTV
VVoIP
FTTH
Leased Lines
Helpdesk

Exchange

Equipment which effects

interconnections of telephone
is known as switching
equipments.

The switching centre, which

houses the terminating &
switching equipments is known
as telephone
exchange.
Types
of exchanges:
1. E10B (Electronics 10 Binary)
2. OCB (Optical cable B)
3. 5ESS (5000, Electronic subsubscriber)

SECTIONS

Typical exchange consist of

following sections:
MOBILE SECTION
MDF
TRANSMISSION SECTION
MICROWAVE
POWER STATION
BROAD BAND
COSTUMER CARE

Mobile section
This section has two
parts:
GSM
CDMA
The Basic Transmission
Procedure:

1. BSC: Base Station Controller

2. BTS: Base Station
TRANSCEIVER
3. MSC: Mobile Switching Center
4. HLR: Home Location Register
5. VLR: Visitor Location Register
6. AUC: Authentication Center
7. EIR: Equipment Identity
Register
8. SC: Short Message Center
9. OMC: Operation and
Maintenance Center

MDF
MDF stands for
Main Distribution
Frame.
It is divided into
two parts :
VDF
HDF

Transmission section
This section deals when a
caller picks up the receiver,
gets the dial tone and how
the call is made and
processed.
The call is
transmitted from
telephone to

Power station
The main parts of Power
station is:
Batteries
UPS (uninterrupted
power supply)
Charging Discharging
unit
Inverter Converter unit

The Structure of Optical Fiber

Extremely Pure Fused Silica Very Low Loss for Long Distance Transmission
Core Higher Refractive Index
Cladding Lower Refractive Index
Buffer Coating: Mechanical Protection

What is Fiber Optics?

Fiber Optics = Fiber + Optics
In Essence: Light Guided in Optical Fiber

A Simple Fiber Optic Communication

Link

Laser Coupled Into Fiber

1. Laser
2. Optical Fiber
3. Photodetector
Photodetector

Fiber Has More Bandwidth Than Copper

Max. Transmission Distance
Copper

Fiber

100 Mbit Ethernet

100 meters

40,000 meters

1 Gigbit Ethernet

100 meters

70,000 meters

10 Gigbit Ethernet

100 meters

80,000 meters

Fiber Connector Type

E 2000

LC

FSMA

SC

FC

MT- RJ

MPO

ST

FDDI

BICONIC

Wavelength Division Multiplexing

WDM = Wavelength Division Multiplexer

THANK YOU