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Welcome to

network
topology
&
network
switching

NETWORK
NetworkTOPOLOGY
topologyis the arrangement of the
various elements (links,nodes, etc.) of a
various elements (links,nodes, etc.) of a
computer networkEssentially, it is the
topological structure of a network and may be
depicted physically or logically.Physical
topologyis the placement of the various
components of a network, including device
location and cable installation, while
logical topologyillustrates how data flows
within a network, regardless of its physical
design. Distances between nodes, physical
interconnections, transmission rates, or signal

TYPES
OF
NETWORK
TOPOLOGY

MESH
BUS
RING

Mesh :-

The value of fully


meshed networks is
proportional to the
exponent of the number of
subscribers, assuming that
communicating groups of
any two endpoints, up to
and including all the

Bus :-

In local area networks where bus topology is used, each node is


connected to a single cable. Each computer or server is connected
to the single bus cable. A signal from the source travels in both
directions to all machines connected on the bus cable until it finds
the intended recipient. If the machine address does not match the
intended address for the data, the machine ignores the data.
Alternatively, if the data matches the machine address, the data is
accepted. Because the bus topology consists of only one wire, it is
rather inexpensive to implement when compared to other
topologies. However, the low cost of implementing the technology is
offset by the high cost of managing the network. Additionally,
because only one cable is utilized, it can be the
single point of failure.

RING :A network topology that is set up in a circular


fashion in which data travels around the ring in one
direction and each device on the ring acts as a repeater to
keep the signal strong as it travels. Each device
incorporates a receiver for the incoming signal and a
transmitter to send the data on to the next device in the
ring. The network is dependent on the ability of the signal
to travel around the ring. When a device sends data, it
must travel through each device on the ring until it
reaches its destination. Every node is a critical link.In a
ring topology, there is no server computer present; all
nodes work as a server and repeat the signal. The
disadvantage of this topology is that if one node stops
working, the entire network is affected or stops working.

NETWORK
SWITCHING

Anetwork switchis a small hardware


device that joins multiple computers
together within one
local area network (LAN).Ethernet switch
devices were commonly used on home
networksbefore home routers became
popular;broadband routersintegrate
Ethernet switches directly into the unit
as one of their many functions. Highperformance network switches are still
widely used in corporate networks and

TYPES
OF
SWITCHING

CIRCUIT
MESSAG
E

Circuit
Switching
When two nodes communicate with each
other over a dedicated communication path,
it is called circuit switching. There 'is a
need of pre-specified route from which data
will travels and no other data is permitted .
In circuit switching, to transfer the data,
circuit must be established so that the data
transfer can take place.

Message Switching
A SWITCH WORKING ON MESSAGE
SWITCHING, FIRST RECEIVES THE
WHOLE MESSAGE AND BUFFERS IT
UNTIL THERE ARE RESOURCES
AVAILABLE TO TRANSFER IT TO
THE NEXT HOP. IF THE NEXT HOP
IS NOT HAVING ENOUGH
RESOURCE TO ACCOMMODATE
LARGE SIZE MESSAGE, THE
MESSAGE IS STORED AND SWITCH

Packet
Switchin
Shortcomings
of message switching gave
birth to an idea of packet switching. The
entire message
is broken down into smaller
g
chunks called packets. The switching

information is added in the header of each


packet and transmitted independently.
It is easier for intermediate networking
devices to store small size packets and they
do not take much resources either on carrier
path or in the internal memory of switches.

presentation by :-

HITESH
&

THANK
YOU.

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