Tourism Product

A tourism product is any product that is

marketed by a country or an institution to
visitors so as to attract them to visit a nation
as tourist and experience the said product.

Tour transportation
Accommodation
Historic sites, Recreational Activities
Food

Elements of Tourism
Product
Attractions and Destinations
Facilities at Destination:
Transportation
Accommodation facilities
Food

Ease and Accessibilities of

Destination

Characteristics of Tourism
Products
Intangible:

Tourism being a service is an intangible

product providing facilities unlike other products in terms
of the physical appearance and nature.

Psychological:

The main motive to purchase tourism

product is to satisfy the psychological need after using
the product, by getting experiences while interacting with
enviournment.

Highly Perishable
Compound Product: Combination of different
product or services.

Unstable Demand: Its demand is influenced by

seasonal, economic etc

The Tourism Product Life

Cycle

Tourism Product
Typologies
The activity of tourism constitutes various
characteristics depending upon the time, place and
purpose of tour/ tourist.
Tourism typologies are objectives for attaining a more
effective and comprehensive formulation of tourism
product.
The typologies of tourism closely focus on the two key
aspects of the tourism activity:

Demand Typology

Supply Typology

Demand Typology
Demand typologies are projected to sub divide
tourists into homogeneous groups.
The purpose of these topologies is to focus and
position alternative strategies, selection of tourist
destination, tour and service pricing, marketing,
operations etc.
Tourists can be segregated into three major groups:
The first one is of those travelling alone to the
unexplored and pioneer destinations which are yet to
be discovered.

 In second case, the tourists prefer to travel in

very small groups to place of growing
reputation with facilities at destinations.
Third group of tourists travels with fully
organized trips to very famous destinations
and their impact on tourism environment and
socio economic system is very high.

Supply Typologies
These typologies are concerned with the
characteristics of the destination area.
These typologies show the development of
tourism, shape and form of destination area.
These typologies give an idea about basic
difference of development between
destinations as well as the different character
of each destination.
There are three basic methods to create a
supply typology.

 Ideographic: Focusing on the uniqueness of the

environment and destination attractions.
The second method demonstrates the
organizational perspective focusing on the
spatial characteristics of size, scale and carrying
capacity.
The last method is cognitive approach dealing
with experiences and perceptions of the tourists.

Natural Resources
Wildlife Sanctuary
A wildlife sanctuary is a declared protected area,
where very limited human activity is allowed.
The ownership of this type of protected are could lie
in the hands of either a government or in any
private organization or person, provided the
regulations are governed by the government.
Additionally, the trees can not be cut down for any
purpose; especially the clearing of the forest for
agriculture is completely banned

National Park
National park was first introduced in 1969, by the IUCN as a
mean of a protected area with a definition.
However, in the 19th century, some western naturalists and
explorers have put forward the ideas of preserving ecosystems
in order to conserve wildlife without active human interference.
A national park has a defined boundary, through which no
person can get into the park without an approval.
Only an approved person can enter into a national park, either
via paying a visitor ticket or an approved letter from the
governing body (mostly the government). The visitors can only
observe the park inside a vehicle that routes through defined
trails and they can not get out the vehicle for any reason unless
there is an approved place for visitors.

 Photographs are allowed but research and

educational work can only be done with a
prior permission.
The park can not be used for any reason
viz. firewood, timber, fruitsetc. With all
these regulations, the national parks are
established to conserve the natural habitats
of the wild fauna and flora with a minimum
human interference.

Difference
Anational parkis a park in use for conservation
purposes. Often it is a reserve of natural, seminatural, or developed land that a sovereign state
declares or owns.
Awildlife sanctuaryis a space that is set aside
exclusively for the use of wild animals, which are
protected when they roam or live in that area.
Abiosphere reserveis a voluntary, cooperative,
conservation reserve created to protect the biological
and cultural diversity of a region while promoting
sustainable economic development.

 As Adrian Philips quote in the Parks journal in 2004,

the protected areas come in all sizes and shapes
and with a bewildering variety of management
systems, ownership and governance patterns
The national parks are more restricted for the
people but earn money that could be managed to
develop nature conservation measures.
In both these protected areas, people have the
access for inspirational, educational, research, and
recreational purposes but, with certain limitations
in national parks.

Natural Reserves in India

It is also known as biosphere reserve.
It is large protected area for natural habitat (larger
than national parks and sanctuaries).
The government of India has recognized 18
biosphere reserves in India.
These biosphere not only protect the wildlife of the
area, but also grant protection of the human
communities and their lifestyle residing in that area.

 Out of 18 biospheres 9 biospheres

are the part of the world network of
biospheres.

World Heritage Sites of

India

Ajanta & Ellora Caves

Taj Mahal
Agra Fort
Sun Temple
Konark
Monuments at Khajuraho
Monuments at Hampi

Ajanta & Ellora Caves

The first Buddhist cave monuments at Ajanta date
from the 2nd and 1st centuries B.C. During the Gupta
period (5th and 6th centuries A.D.)
The paintings and sculptures of Ajanta, considered
masterpieces of Buddhist religious art, have had a
considerable artistic influence.
These caves were excavated during the supremacy of
the Vakatakas and Guptas. According to inscriptions,
Varahadeva, the minister of the Vakataka king,
Harishena (c. AD 475-500), dedicated Cave 16 to the
Buddhist sangha while Cave 17 was the gift of the
prince, a feudatory.

 The caves are situated 100km north-east of Ellora, 104km

from Aurangabad and 52km from Jalgaon Railway Station
These magnificent caves containing carvings that depict the
life of Buddha, and their carvings and sculptures are
considered to be the beginning of classical Indian art.
The 29 caves were excavated beginning around 200 BC, but
they were abandoned in AD 650 in favour of Ellora.
Five of the caves were temples and 24 were monasteries,
thought to have been occupied by some 200 monks and
artisans.

Taj Mahal
An immense mausoleum of white marble, built in Agra
between 1631 and 1648 by order of the Mughal emperor
Shah Jahan in memory of his favourite wife.
The Taj Mahal is located on the right bank of the Yamuna
River in a vast Mughal garden that encompasses nearly
17 hectares, in the Agra District in Uttar Pradesh.
For its construction, masons, stone-cutters, inlayers,
carvers, painters, calligraphers, dome builders and other
artisans were requisitioned from the whole of the empire
and also from the Central Asia and Iran.

 Ustad-Ahmad Lahori was the main architect of the Taj

Mahal.
Integrity is maintained in the intactness of tomb,
mosque, guest house, main gate and the whole Taj
Mahal complex.
An area of 10,400 sq km around the Taj Mahal is
defined to protect the monument from pollution
The Supreme Court of India in December, 1996,
delivered a ruling banning use of coal/coke in industries
located in the Taj Trapezium Zone (TTZ) and switching
over to natural gas or relocating them outside the TTZ