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Dr. indrajeet
Dept. of prosthodontics
DEFINITION
The cardiac events that occur from
beginning of one heartbeat to
beginning of the next are called
cardiac cycle.
Each cycle is initiated by spontaneous
generation of an action potential in
sinus node .
the
the
the
the
AV NODE
INTERNODAL
PATHWAYS
SA NODE
PURKINJE
FIBRES
AV
BUNDLE
diastole
Isometric
contraction
Ejection
period
Atrial systole
protodiastol
e
Slow filling
Rapid filling
Isometric
relaxation
Semilunar
valves closed
AV valves
opened
ISOMETRIC CONTRACTION
PERIOD
Duration 0.05 sec
Immediately after atrial systole
A-v valves closed due to increased
ventricular pressure
Semilunar valves already closed
Contraction of ventricles without change in
volume and length of muscle fibres
Semilunar
valves closed
AV valves
closed
EJECTION PERIOD
Duration is.22 sec
Opening of semilunar valves
Ejection of blood from the ventricles
Divided into rapid ejection(0.13sec) & slow
ejection(0.09sec)
Semilunar
valves opened
AV valves
closed
PROTODIASTOLE
Duration .04 sec
First stage of diastole
Pressure in aorta & pulmonary artery
increases & in ventricles drops
Semilunar valves close
ISOMETRIC RELAXATION
PERIOD
Duration - .08 sec
All the valves are closed
Ventricles relax as closed cavities
Intraventricular pressure falls
AV valves open
Semilunar
valves closed
AV valves
closed
RAPID FILLING
Duration .11 sec
Blood collected in the atrium rapidly
rushes into the ventricles
About 70 % of filling takes place
SLOW FILLING
Duration .19 sec
Ventricular filling becomes slow
This slow filling is also called as diastasis
About 20 % of filling occurs in this phase
Semilunar
valves closed
AV valves
opened
a wave
x wave
c wave
Appears during isometric contraction
Rise in pressures is due to AV valve
closure
Bulging of AV valves into atria
x1 wave
Appears during ejection period
The contraction of the ventricular
musculature pulls the atrio ventricular ring
towards the ventricles.
v wave
y wave
Apperas after opening of the AV valves
Blood rushes to the ventricles
Pressure in atria falls
Intraventricular pressure
changes
Maintenance of blood flow into systemic &
pulmonary circulation depends upon the
pressure at which the blood is pumped out
of the ventricles.
Right ventricle min 2-3 mm Hg
max 25 mm Hg
Left ventricle - min 5 mm Hg
max- 120 mm Hg
PRESSURE
SYSTEMIC AORTA
PULMONARY ARTERY
MAX PRESSURE
120 mm Hg
25 mm Hg
MIN PRESSURE
80 mm Hg
7-8 mm Hg
References
Review of medical physiology W.F
Ganong 22nd edition
Text book of medical physiology guyton
& hall 12th edition
Essentials of medical physiology 2 nd
edition Sembulingam