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CHEMICAL FORMULAS
& EQUATIONS
Chapter 3
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Learning objectives
To calculate the percentage composition of the elements
To determine the empirical formula
To determine the molecular formula
To determine the limiting reactant
To determine the percentage yield of chemical reactions
Learning outcomes
students will be able to
Formula Mass
The sum of the atomic masses of all atoms in a formula
unit of the compound, whether molecular or not.
a. methanol, CH3OH
b. nitrogen trioxide, NO3
c. potassium carbonate, K2CO3
d. nickel phosphate, Ni3(PO4)2
Avogadros Number, NA
Avogadro is a Italian chemist
The number of atoms in exactly 12 g of carbon-12
NA = 6.022 1023
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Molar Mass
The mass of one mole of substance.
For example:
Carbon-12 has a molar mass of 12 g or 12 g/mol
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molecular weight
n
empirical formula weight
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Exercise
Benzene has the empirical formula CH. Its molecular
weight is 78.1 amu. What is its molecular formula?
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1 molecule N 2
3 molecules
H2
1 mol N 2
1X28g N 2
2NH3
2 molecules
NH 3
Molecular
interpretation
3 mol H 2
2 mol NH 3
Molar
interpretation
3X 2.02g H 2
2 X 17g NH 3
Mass
interpretation
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Stoichiometry
The calculation of the quantities of reactants
and products involved in a chemical reaction.
The coefficients in the equation, can be used
to calculate the moles of products obtained
from any given moles of reactant
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2.
3.
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Stoichiometry- Exercise
[1] 2C4H10(g) + 13O2(g) 8CO2(g) +10H2O(g)
What is the amount (in moles) of carbon dioxide produced from
0.30 mol C4H10?
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Checking outcomes
To calculate the percentage composition of the elements
To determine the empirical formula
To determine the molecular formula
To determine the limiting reactant
To determine the percentage yield of chemical reactions
Thank you
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