ZEOLITE

What are zeolites?

Natural

or synthetic crystalline, microporous,

aluminosilicate materials with well-defined
structures and unique characteristics

MaDbTc[Al(a+2b+3c)Si[x-a+2b+3c)]O2x]

Zeolite types
Natural

zeolites form
where volcanic rocks and
ash layers react with
alkaline groundwater.

Synthetic

zeolites are
created through a slow
crystallization
process
using a combination of
silica and alumina and
using a foundation of alkali
and organic templates.

Structure
SiO44-

and AlO45- tetrahedra linked in several

ways, resulting in over 130 different 3D
framework structures

http://www.bza.org/zeolites.html

Structure
The

presence of Al in the framework induces a

negative charge that is balanced by an
extraframework cation.

http://www.mpi-

Classification
Zeolite

A is a small-pore zeolite in which the Si:Al

ratio is 1 and the cages are linked octahedrically.

The

pore diameter varies from about 3 to 5 .

http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/rock-limestone-and-

Classification
Zeolites

X and Y are large-pore zeolites (6-8

) containing various Si:Al ratios and
tetrahedrically linked cages

http://www.molecularsieve.
org

Classification

Zeolite

L - the
crystals are very flat
cylinders
of
"hockeypuck"
or
"coin" shape
Linear channels in
which
onedimensional
diffusion takes place
Hexagonal
crystal
system

Properties
Molecular

http://www.mpi-

Sieve Effect

Properties
Ion-exchange

http://www.mpi-

Properties
Acidity

Interest for
electrochemists
H
ch yd
ar ro
ac ph
te ili
r c

t
ili

ab

Electrochemic
al interface

io n
ns
y
me ilit
Di tab
s
al

ur
D
y

ch T
em he
r
ic m
a l al
st a n
ab d
ili
ty

GEOPOLYMER
General Formula of Geopolymer :

nM2OAl2O3xSiO2yH2O (M : alkali
metal)

x = 1, SiO2/Al2O3 = 1
aluminate + silicate

x > 1, SiO2/Al2O3
>1
silicate oligomeric + aluminate

Results :
Differences in geopolymer chains
Differences in geopolymer
properties

Zeolit Vs Geopolimer
Aspek

Sintesis zeolit

Geopolimerisasi

Reaktan

Larutan kompleks Al + Larutan

kompleks Si

Material padat mengandung Al-Si

+ larutan Alkalin

Reaksi awal

Nukleasi dalam larutan

Pelepasan H2O menjadi bentuk

gel

Reaksi
kemudian

Kristal tumbuh dalam larutan

Disolusi dan kondensasi dari

pelepasan kompleks Al dan Si
dalam gel

Temperatur
pembuatan

90-300 C

Relatif rendah (dibawah 100 C)

pH

6-11

14

komposisi

Rumus stoikiometrik tertentu

Tidak ada rumus stoikiometrik

tertentu

Struktur

Kristal yang unik

Struktur tak beraturan sampai

semi-kristal

Jumlah
larutan yang
digunakan

Relatif banyak (sampai fase

padat terendam)

Relatif sedikit (membentuk gel)

Kekuatan
mekanis

Rendah

tinggi

Skema Proses Geopolimerisasi (van Deventer dkk, 2007)

Reaksi Pelarutan dan Hidrolisis Si dan Al (Zuhua, 2008) :

Reaksi Geopolimerisasi secara Sederhana (Davidovits, 1994b) :

Kisaran Suhu Kristalisasi dari Sistem SiO2/Al2O3 (Davidovits, 1991)

Pembentukan Monomer Sialat

Pembentukan Monomer Aluminat

Polikondensasi