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SUPPLIES,
INVERTERS, AND
CONVERTERS
By
Muh. Sainal Abidin
20213032
7.1
OVERVIEW
Solid state electronics have become integrated into all aspects of
industrial power supplies, converters, inverters, and choppers.
Industrial power supplies are used in applications where a variety of
voltages is required, such as power of PLC processors and their
analog modules and other specialty modules. Power supplies are also
used in all types of digital display in cathode ray tube (CRT) color
display. Any equipment that has electronic circuit in it must have a DC
supply voltage available.
7.2.3
Four-Diode
Rectifiers
Full-Wave
Bridge
Another circuit that provides a full-wave output uses four diodes and a
regular transformer without the center tap. This circuit uses two diodes at
a time to rectify each half if the sine wave.
From the top circuit in figure 7-4 you can see that the positive half-cycle
of the AC is shaded, and the first half-wave is shaded to indicate the
output for this part of the circuit. The bottom circuit shows the negative
half of the sine wave being rectified. The path the electron would travel
thought the bridge is also shown. Notice that electron flow is always
against the arrows of the diodes.
Figure 7-6 shows the electrical diagram for a three-phase bridge rectifier.
From this diagram you can see that the secondary winding of a threephase transformer is shown connected to the diode rectifier
7.2.5 Other
Rectifiers
Types
of
Three-Phase
In this diagram you can see that the secondary windings of the
transformer consist of six separate windings. All six of the windings are
connected at one end to form a center point for the start configuration,
which is actually a type of wye-connected transformer. The cathode of
each diode in this rectifier are connected to provide the positive terminal
of the DC power supply. This circuit is used where it is important that all of
the diode in the circuit have a common connection for their cathodes.
The zener diode must be rated for the same voltage the DC voltage
requires. For example, if the DC load needs 20 volts DC, the zener will
be rated for 20 volts.
You can get a better idea of how the diodes in the rectifier and the
devices in the filter and regulator section of a circuit all work together
when you see a complete electronic circuit for an operational system.
Figure 7-15 Shows the electrical diagram of a variable frequency motor
drive that is commonly used in industrial applications. From this diagram
you can see that the drive circuit uses three-phase supply voltage, so a
three-phase full-wave bridge rectifier is used.
You can see that the supply voltage in this system is single-phase (two
wires) AC voltage, which can be 220, 380, or 440 volts. The main
transformer has multiple taps to accommodate each of these supply
voltages. All the technician needs to do when supply power is
connected during the installation process is to measure the supply
voltage and connect the lines to the appropriate terminals on the main
transformer.
that
looks more like an AC sine wave and current waveform that looks similar
to the original on/off square wave of the earliest inverters that cycled
SCRs on and off in sequence. This type of inverter uses transistors to
control the output voltage and current. The on-time and off-time of the
transistors are adjusted to create a change in frequency for the inverter.
The amplitude of each wave can also be adjusted to change the amount
of voltage at the output. This means that the CSI inverter like the previous
inverter can adjust voltage and frequency usable in variable-frequency
motor drive application or other application that require variable voltage
and frequency.
7.4.7 Cycloconverters
A cycloconverter is a circuit designed to convert the frequency of AC
voltage directly to another frequency of AC voltage without first converting
the voltage to DC voltage.
The history of this circuit dates back to the 1930s when mercury arc
rectifiers were used to control the frequency of railroad engines in
Germany. The supply voltage for these original circuits was a fixed 50 Hz
AC sine wave common in Europe. The train engines used low frequency
(16.6 Hz) so their electric motors would turn slowly, creating a tremendous
amount of toque. These earliest rectifiers were rather large tube thyristors.
The input circuit for the cycloconverter used a large transformer, and the
output section used the thyristors to adjust the timing of the output stage,
which allowed frequency to be changed.
in power
supply circuits because every piece of equipment that has an electronic
board in it requires a wide variety of DC voltage supplies. Each voltage
must be supplied from a power supply. This means that the computers,
PLCs, and all other electronic equipment require to DC power supply. This
means that computers, PLCs, and all other electronic equipment require a
DC power supply.
TERIMA KASIH