History of Atomic Structure

Boundless Lecture Slides
Available on the Boundless Teaching Platform
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Boundless Teaching
Platform
Boundless empowers educators to engage their students
with affordable, customizable textbooks and intuitive
teaching tools. The free Boundless Teaching Platform
gives educators the ability to customize textbooks in
more than 20 subjects that align to hundreds of popular
titles. Get started by using high quality Boundless books,
or make switching to our platform easier by building from
Boundless content pre-organized to match the assigned
textbook. This platform gives educators the tools they
need to assign readings and assessments, monitor
student activity, and lead their classes with pre-made
teaching resources.
Using Boundless Presentations

The Appendix
The appendix is for you to use to add depth and
breadth to your lectures. You can simply drag and
drop slides from the appendix into the main
presentation to make for a richer lecture
experience.
Get started now at:

http://boundless.com/teaching-platform
Free to edit, share, and copy

Feel free to edit, share, and make as many copies
of the Boundless presentations as you like. We
encourage you to take these presentations and
make them your own.
If you have any questions or problems please email:

educators@boundless.com
About Boundless
Boundless is an innovative technology company making education more affordable and
accessible for students everywhere. The company creates the worlds best open educational
content in 20+ subjects that align to more than 1,000 popular college textbooks. Boundless
integrates learning technology into all its premium books to help students study more efficiently
at a fraction of the cost of traditional textbooks. The company also empowers educators to
engage their students more effectively through customizable books and intuitive teaching tools
as part of the Boundless Teaching Platform. More than 2 million learners access Boundless free
and premium content each month across the companys wide distribution platforms, including its
website, iOS apps, Kindle books, and iBooks. To get started learning or teaching with Boundless,
visit boundless.com.
Atoms, Molecules, and Ions > History of Atomic Structure
History of Atomic Structure
Early Ideas about Atoms

The Law of Conservation of Mass
The Law of Definite Composition
The Law of Multiple Proportions
John Dalton and Atomic Theory
www.boundless.com/chemistry
Early Ideas about Atoms

The ancient Greek philosophers Democritus and Leucippus recorded the concept
of the atomos, an indivisible building block of matter, as early as the
5th century BCE.
The idea of an indivisible particle was further elaborated upon and explored by a
number of scientists and philosophers, including Galileo, Newton, Boyle,
Lavoisier, and Dalton.
John Dalton, an English chemist and meteorologist, is credited with the first
modern atomic theory based on his experiments with atmospheric gases.
John Dalton's A New System of Chemical

Philosophy
View on Boundless.com
www.boundless.com/chemistry/textbooks/boundless-chemistry-textbook/atoms-molecules-and-ions-2/history-of-atomic-structure-32/early-ideas-ab
out-atoms-193-3697
The Law of Conservation of Mass

The law of conservation of mass states that mass in an isolated system is neither
created nor destroyed by chemical reactions or physical transformations.
According to the law of conservation of mass, the mass of the products in a
chemical reaction must equal the mass of the reactants.
The law of conservation of mass is useful for a number of calculations and can
be used to solve for unknown masses, such the amount of gas consumed or
produced during a reaction.
Antoine Lavoisier
www.boundless.com/chemistry/textbooks/boundless-chemistry-textbook/atoms-molecules-and-ions-2/history-of-atomic-structure-32/the-law-of-con
servation-of-mass-194-3698
The Law of Definite Composition

The law of definite composition was proposed by Joseph Proust based on his
observations on the composition of chemical compounds.
Proust proposed that a compound is always composed of the same proportions
of elements by mass.
Though initially controversial, the law of definite composition was supported by
Dalton's atomic theory.
Joseph Proust
www.boundless.com/chemistry/textbooks/boundless-chemistry-textbook/atoms-molecules-and-ions-2/history-of-atomic-structure-32/the-law-of-defi
nite-composition-195-3699
The Law of Multiple Proportions

The law of multiple proportions is a rule of stoichiometry.
John Dalton formulated the law of multiple proportions as part of his theory that
atoms formed the basic indivisible building block of matter.
The law of multiple proportions says that when elements form compounds, the
proportions of the elements in those chemical compounds can be expressed in
small whole number ratios.
The law of multiple proportions is an extension of the law of definite composition,
which states that compounds will consist of defined ratios of elements.
www.boundless.com/chemistry/textbooks/boundless-chemistry-textbook/atoms-molecules-and-ions-2/history-of-atomic-structure-32/the-law-of-mult
iple-proportions-196-4703
John Dalton and Atomic Theory

Dalton's atomic theory proposed that all matter was composed of atoms,
indivisible and indestructible building blocks.While all atoms of an element were
identical, different elements had atoms of differing size and mass.
Dalton's atomic theory also stated that all compounds were composed of
combinations of these atoms in defined ratios.
Dalton also postulated that chemical reactions resulted in the rearrangement of
the reacting atoms.
John Dalton's A New System of Chemical

Philosophy
www.boundless.com/chemistry/textbooks/boundless-chemistry-textbook/atoms-molecules-and-ions-2/history-of-atomic-structure-32/john-dalton-an
d-atomic-theory-197-6138
Appendix
Atoms, Molecules, and Ions
Key terms
atom The smallest possible amount of matter that still retains its identity as a chemical element, now known to consist of a
nucleus surrounded by electrons.
atomic mass unit The standard unit that is used for indicating mass of an atom.
element Any one of the simplest chemical substances that cannot be decomposed in a chemical reaction or by any chemical
means, and are made up of atoms all having the same number of protons.
law of conservation of mass A law that states that mass cannot be created or destroyed; it is merely rearranged.
law of definite composition A law that states that chemical compounds are formed of constant and defined ratios of elements
as determined by mass.
law of multiple proportions The law stating that reactants will always combine in set whole number ratios.
law of multiple proportions A law stating that if two elements form a compound, then the ratio of the mass of the second
element and the mass of the first element will be small whole number ratios.
product A chemical substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction.
reactant Any of the participants present at the start of a chemical reaction.Also, a molecule before it undergoes a chemical
change.
Models of the Atom Timeline - YouTube

This video is about the different ways that scientists have pictured the atoms over the years.It starts with Democritus and Leucippus, the first
philosophers to discuss atoms.The video also covers the work of Dalton, Thompson, Rutherford, Niels Bohr, and Schrodinger.
John Dalton's A New System of Chemical Philosophy

Chemical structures from Dalton's A New System of Chemical Philosophy.
Wikipedia. "Atomic theory." GNU FDL http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_theory View on Boundless.com
Conservation of Atoms - YouTube

This video explains how atoms are conserved in a chemical reaction.
Antoine Lavoisier
A portrait of Antoine Lavoisier, the scientist credited with the discovery of the law of conservation of mass.
Wikipedia. "Conservation of mass." GNU FDL http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation_of_mass View on Boundless.com
John Dalton and the Law of Definite Proportions - YouTube

This video examines the law of definite proportions and the law of multiple proportions.
Joseph Proust
Portrait of Joseph Proust
Wikipedia. "Joseph Proust." GNU FDL http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Proust View on Boundless.com
John Dalton's A New System of Chemical Philosophy

This image from Dalton's A New System of Chemical Philosophy, published in 1808, depicts various atoms and molecules.
Wikipedia. "John Dalton." GNU FDL http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Dalton View on Boundless.com
All of the following are examples of Dalton's theories of atomic

structure and reactivity EXCEPT:
A) The fundamental structure of atoms can change during chemical
reactions.
B) All atoms of a given element are identical.
C) The atoms of different elements differ in mass and size.
D) Atoms are indestructible.
All of the following are examples of Dalton's theories of atomic

structure and reactivity EXCEPT:
A) The fundamental structure of atoms can change during chemical
reactions.
B) All atoms of a given element are identical.
C) The atoms of different elements differ in mass and size.
D) Atoms are indestructible.
Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Which of the following is the correct definition for the Law of

Conservation of Mass as expressed by Lavoisier in 1789?
A) The mass that is lost during a chemical reaction is a result of phase
changes during the reaction.
B) Despite chemical reactions or physical transformations, mass is
conserved within an isolated system.
C) Mass is conserved during a chemical reaction except when a gas is
produced.
D) Mass is conserved within an isolated system except during chemical
reactions.

Conservation of Mass as expressed by Lavoisier in 1789?
A) The mass that is lost during a chemical reaction is a result of phase
changes during the reaction.
B) Despite chemical reactions or physical transformations, mass is
conserved within an isolated system.
C) Mass is conserved during a chemical reaction except when a gas is
produced.
D) Mass is conserved within an isolated system except during chemical
reactions.

Definite Composition?
A) Elements can mix in any ratio to form chemical compounds.
B) Chemical compounds are formed of constant and defined ratios of
elements, as determined by mass.
C) Atoms always combine in the same constant and defined ratio when
forming compounds.
D) The composition of a compound can always be explicitly defined.

Definite Composition?
A) Elements can mix in any ratio to form chemical compounds.
B) Chemical compounds are formed of constant and defined ratios of
elements, as determined by mass.
C) Atoms always combine in the same constant and defined ratio when
forming compounds.
D) The composition of a compound can always be explicitly defined.
Which of the following is the correct definition of the law of

multiple proportions?
A) The same compound can be formed by the combination of the same
atoms in multiple different proportions, which can be expressed as a ratio
of two small whole numbers.
B) If two elements can form multiple compounds, the ratios of the masses
of the two elements in those compounds can be expressed as a ratio of
two small whole numbers.
C) The same atoms cannot combine in multiple proportions.
D) In any given reaction, the ratio of the masses of the two reacting
components can always be expressed as a small whole number.
Which of the following is the correct definition of the law of

multiple proportions?
A) The same compound can be formed by the combination of the same
atoms in multiple different proportions, which can be expressed as a ratio
of two small whole numbers.
B) If two elements can form multiple compounds, the ratios of the masses
of the two elements in those compounds can be expressed as a ratio of
two small whole numbers.
C) The same atoms cannot combine in multiple proportions.
D) In any given reaction, the ratio of the masses of the two reacting
components can always be expressed as a small whole number.
All of the following are main points of Dalton's Atomic Theory

EXCEPT:
A) Equal mass quantities of two different compounds should have the
same number of atoms.
B) All atoms of an element are identical.
C) The atoms of different elements differ in size and mass.

D) Compound are produced through different whole-number
combinations of atoms.
All of the following are main points of Dalton's Atomic Theory

EXCEPT:
A) Equal mass quantities of two different compounds should have the
same number of atoms.
B) All atoms of an element are identical.
C) The atoms of different elements differ in size and mass.

D) Compound are produced through different whole-number
combinations of atoms.
Attribution
Wikipedia. "Atomic theory." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_theory
Wiktionary. "atom." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/atom
Wikipedia. "Conservation of mass." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation_of_mass
Wiktionary. "product." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/product
Wiktionary. "reactant." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/reactant
Wikipedia. "Law of definite proportions." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_definite_proportions
Wiktionary. "ratio." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ratio
Wiktionary. "carbonate." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/carbonate
Wiktionary. "element." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/element
Wikipedia. "Law of multiple proportions." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_multiple_proportions
Wikipedia. "Coulomb's law." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulomb%2527s_law
Boundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com//chemistry/definition/law-of-multiple-proportions
Wikipedia. "Atomic theory." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_theory
Wikipedia. "John Dalton." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Dalton
Boundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com//chemistry/definition/atomic-mass-unit

History of Atomic Structure

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

History of Atomic Structure

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Boundless Lecture Slides

Available on the Boundless Teaching Platform

Using Boundless Presentations

Get started now at:

Free to edit, share, and copy

If you have any questions or problems please email:

Atoms, Molecules, and Ions > History of Atomic Structure