Hadoop (BDA) and Oracle Technologies On BI Projects

Hadoop (BDA) and Oracle Technologies
on BI Projects
Mark Rittman, CTO, Rittman Mead
Dutch Oracle Users Group, Jan 14th 2015
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+61 3 9596 7186 (Australia & New Zealand) or +91 997 256 7970 (India)
E : info@rittmanmead.com
W : www.rittmanmead.com
About the Speaker

Mark Rittman, Co-Founder of Rittman Mead
Oracle ACE Director, specialising in Oracle BI&DW
14 Years Experience with Oracle Technology
Regular columnist for Oracle Magazine
Author of two Oracle Press Oracle BI books
Oracle Business Intelligence Developers Guide
Oracle Exalytics Revealed
Writer for Rittman Mead Blog :
http://www.rittmanmead.com/blog
Email : mark.rittman@rittmanmead.com
Twitter : @markrittman
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About Rittman Mead

Oracle BI and DW Gold partner
Winner of five UKOUG Partner of the Year awards in 2013 - including BI
World leading specialist partner for technical excellence,
solutions delivery and innovation in Oracle BI
Approximately 80 consultants worldwide
All expert in Oracle BI and DW
Offices in US (Atlanta), Europe, Australia and India
Skills in broad range of supporting Oracle tools:
OBIEE, OBIA
ODIEE
Essbase, Oracle OLAP
GoldenGate
Endeca
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Agenda
Part 1 : The Hadoop (BDA) technical stack for Oracle BI/DW projects
Why are Oracle BI/DW customers adopting Hadoop (BDA) technologies?
What are the Oracle and Cloudera products being used?
New Oracle products on the roadmap - Big Data Discovery, Big Data SQL futures
Where does OBIEE, ODI etc fit in with these new products
Rittman Meads development platform
Part 2 : Rittman Mead Hadoop (BDA) + Oracle BI Project Experiences
What is Cloudera CDH, and the BDA, like to work with?
How do we approach projects and PoCs?
What architecture and approach do we actually take, now?
How well do OBIEE and ODI work with Hadoop and BDA?
What are the emerging techs, products and architectures we see for 2015+?
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Part 1 :
The Hadoop (BDA) technical stack for Oracle BI/DW projects
or How did we get here?
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15+ Years in Oracle BI and Data Warehousing

Started back in 1997 on a bank Oracle DW project
Our tools were Oracle 7.3.4, SQL*Plus, PL/SQL
and shell scripts
Went on to use Oracle Developer/2000 and Designer/2000
Our initial users queried the DW using SQL*Plus
And later on, we rolled-out Discoverer/2000 to everyone else
And life was fun
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The Oracle-Centric DW Architecture

Over time, this data warehouse architecture developed
Added Oracle Warehouse Builder to
automate and model the DW build
Oracle 9i Application Server (yay!)
to deliver reports and web portals
Data Mining and OLAP in the database
Oracle 9i for in-database ETL (and RAC)
Data was typically loaded from
Oracle RBDMS and EBS
It was turtles Oracle all the way down
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The State of the Art for BI & DW Was This..

Oracle Discoverer Drake - Combining Relational and OLAP Analysis for Oracle RDBMS
Oracle Portal, part of Oracle 9iAS
Oracle Warehouse Builder 9iAS / Paris
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Then Came Siebel Analytics and OBIEE
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The Oracle BI & DW World Changed

Siebel Analytics replaced Oracle DIscoverer
Oracle Data Integrator replaced Oracle Warehouse Builder
Hyperion Essbase Replaced Oracle OLAP
You were as likely to be loading from SQL Server as from Oracle
They made us do things we didnt like to do
Add a mid-tier virtual DW engine on
top of the database
Export data out of Oracle into an OLAP server
Improve query performance using tools
outside of the Oracle data warehouse
It was all a bit scary
Not to mention that WebLogic stuff
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Introducing - The Oracle Reference DW Architecture

Recognizing the difference between long-term storage of DW data (the foundation layer)
And organizing the data for queries and easy navigation (the access + performance layer)
Also recognising where OBIEE had been game-changing - federated queries
Things are good again
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and now
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this happened
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Todays Oracle Information Management Architecture

Actionable
Events
Actionable
Insights
Actionable
Information
Structured
Enterprise
Data
Input
Events
Data
Reservoir
Event Engine
Data Factory
Enterprise
Information Store
Execution
Innovation
Events
& Data
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Discovery Lab
Discovery
Output
Reporting
Other
Data
Todays Layered Data Warehouse Architecture

Data Sources
Enterprise
Performance
Management
Access & Performance Layer
Data Ingestion
Foundation Data Layer

Structured
Data
Sources
Operational Data
COTS Data
Master & Ref. Data
Streaming & BAM
Immutable modelled data. Business

Process Neutral form. Abstracted from
business process changes
Raw Data Reservoir

Content
Immutable raw data reservoir

Raw data at rest is not interpreted
SMS
Docs
Web & Social Media
Discovery Lab Sandboxes
Pre-built &
Ad-hoc
BI Assets
Information
Services
Information Interpretation
Rapid Development Sandboxes
Project based data stores to

support specific discovery
objectives
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Virtualization &
Query Federation
Past, current and future interpretation of

enterprise data. Structured to support agile
access & navigation
Data Engines &

Poly-structured
sources
Project based data stored to

facilitate rapid content /
presentation delivery
Data
Science
The Oracle Data Warehousing Platform - 2014
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Introducing The Data Reservoir?

A reservoir is a lake than also can process and refine (your data)
Wide-ranging source of low-density, lower-value data to complement the DW
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Oracles Big Data Products

Oracle Big Data Appliance
Optimized hardware for Hadoop processing
Cloudera Distribution incl. Hadoop
Oracle Big Data Connectors, ODI etc
Oracle Big Data Connectors
Oracle Big Data SQL
Oracle NoSQL Database
Oracle Data Integrator
Oracle R Distribution
OBIEE, BI Publisher and
Endeca Info Discovery
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Just Released - Oracle Big Data SQL

Part of Oracle Big Data 4.0 (BDA-only)
Also requires Oracle Database 12c, Oracle Exadata Database Machine
More on this later
SQL Queries
Exadata Database
Server
SmartScan
Exadata
Storage Servers
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SmartScan
Hadoop
Cluster
Oracle Big
Data SQL
Coming Soon : Oracle Big Data Discovery

Combining of Endeca Server search, analysis and visualisation capabilities
with Apache Spark data munging and transformation
Analyse, parse, explore and wrangle data using graphical tools and a Spark-based
transformation engine
Create a catalog of the data on
your Hadoop cluster, then search
that catalog using Endeca Server
Create recommendations of other
datasets, based on what
youre looking at now
Visualize your datasets,
discover new insights
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Coming Soon : Oracle Data Enrichment Cloud Service

Cloud-based service for loading, enriching, cleansing and supplementing Hadoop data
Part of the Oracle Data Integration product family
Used up-stream from Big Data Discovery
Aims to solve the data quality problem for Hadoop
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Combining Oracle RDBMS with Hadoop + NoSQL

High-value, high-density data goes into Oracle RDBMS
Better support for fast queries, summaries, referential integrity etc
Lower-value, lower-density data goes into Hadoop + NoSQL
Also provides flexible schema, more agile development
Successful next-generation BI+DW projects combine both - neither on their own is sufficient
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Productising the Next-Generation IM Architecture
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Still a Key Role for Data Integration, and BI Tools

Fast, scaleable low-cost / flexible-schema data capture using Hadoop + NoSQL (BDA)
Long-term storage of the most important downstream data - Oracle RBDMS (Exadata)
Fast analysis + business-friendly interface : OBIEE, Endeca (Exalytics), RTD etc
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OBIEE for Enterprise Analysis Across all Data Sources

Dashboards, analyses, OLAP analytics, scorecards,
published reporting, mobile
Presented as an integrated business semantic model
Optional mid-tier query acceleration using
Oracle Exalytics In-Memory Machine
Access data from RBDMS, applications,
Hadoop, OLAP, ADF BCs etc
Business Presentation
Layer (Reports, Dashboards)
Enterprise Semantic
Business Model
In-Memory Caching Layer
Hadoop /
NoSQL
Sources
Application
Sources
DW / OLAP Sources
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Bringing it All Together : Oracle Data Integrator 12c

ODI provides an excellent framework for running Hadoop ETL jobs
ELT approach pushes transformations down to Hadoop - leveraging power of cluster
Hive, HBase, Sqoop and OLH/ODCH KMs provide native Hadoop loading / transformation
Whilst still preserving RDBMS push-down
Extensible to cover Pig, Spark etc
Process orchestration
Data quality / error handling
Metadata and model-driven
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Oracles Product Strategy
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Rittman Mead Hadoop (BDA) + Oracle BI Project Experiences

Working with (Cloudera) Hadoop, + Hive, NoSQL, etc
Working with the Oracle Big Data Appliance
Typical Hadoop + BI Use-Cases
How Rittman Mead approaches Hadoop + Oracle BI projects
Hadoop things that keep the CIO awake at night
ODI and Hadoop
OBIEE and Hadoop
Oracle Big Data SQL
Futures - Apache Spark, Next-Generation Hive, Big Data Discovery
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Why is Hadoop of Interest to Us?

Gives us an ability to store more data, at more detail, for longer
Provides a cost-effective way to analyse vast amounts of data
Hadoop & NoSQL technologies can give us schema-on-read capabilities
Theres vast amounts of innovation in this area we can harness
And its very complementary to Oracle BI & DW
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Oracle & Hadoop Use-Cases

Use Hadoop as a low-cost, horizontally-scalable DW archive
Use Hadoop, Hive and MapReduce for low-cost ETL staging
Support standalone-Hadoop analysis with Oracle reference data
Extend the DW with new data sources, datatypes, detail-level data
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The Killer, Tech-Focused Use Case : Data Reservoir

A reservoir is a lake than also can process and refine (your data)
Wide-ranging source of low-density, lower-value data to complement the DW
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Typical Business Use Case : 360 Degree View of Cust / Process

OLTP transactional tells us what happened (in the past), but not why
Common customer requirement now is to get a 360 degree view of their activity
Understand whats being said about them
External drivers for interest, activity
Understand more about customer intent, opinions
One example is to add details of social media mentions,
likes, tweets and retweets etc to the transactional dataset
Correlate twitter activity with sales increases, drops
Measure impact of social media strategy
Gather and include textual, sentiment, contextual
data from surveys, media etc
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Initial PoC over 4-6 Weeks

Focus on high-productivity data analyst tools to identify key data, insights
Typically performed using R, CDH on VMs, lots of scripting, lots of client interaction
Focus on the discovery phase
Governance, dashboards,
productionizing can come later
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Discovery vs. Exploitation Project Phases

Discovery and monetising steps in Big Data projects have different requirements
Discovery phase
Unbounded discovery
Self-Service sandbox
Wide toolset
Promotion to Exploitation
Commercial exploitation
Narrower toolset
Integration to operations
Non-functional requirements
Code standardisation & governance
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Rittman Mead Development Lab

4 x 64GB VM Servers
256GB RAM across cluster
36TB Storage
VMWare ESXi 5.5 + VCenter
Additional iSCSI 6TB storage

Synology DS414 NAS
Demo / Free Software Installs

Cloudera CDH5 Express
- and BDP2.2 for Tez
Oracle RBDMS, OBIEE, ODI etc
Oracle EM 12cR4
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Vigor 2830n Router

VPN, DHCP etc
vmhost3
vmhost2
CDH 5.3 Cluster

5 x nodes
Kerberos-Secured
BDP 2.2 Cluster

5 x nodes
Oracle RDBMS
ODI12c
OBIEE 11g
BI Apps 11g
LDAP
VCenter
vmhost4
vmhost5
CDH 5.2 Cluster

6 x nodes (16-32GB RAM / node)
OS X Server
DNS etc
EM 12c R4
KDC
64GB RAM, 6TB Disk

Core i7 4x3.6GHz
VMWare ESXi 5.5
64GB RAM, 6TB Disk

Core i7 4x3.6GHz
VMWare ESXi 5.5
64GB RAM, 6TB Disk

Core i7 4x3.6GHz
VMWare ESXi 5.5
64GB RAM, 6TB Disk

Core i7 4x3.6GHz
VMWare ESXi 5.5
iSCSI LUN shared VMFS cluster filesystem

Synology DS414 NAS, 6TB
(For testing VMWare VMotion failover, large HDFS datasets etc)
Mac Mini Server
16GB RAM, 1TB Disk

Core i7 2x3.6GHz
Cluster Management
VMWare VSphere 5 + VCenter Server
Oracle Enterprise Manager 12cR4 Cloud Control
OSX Server Yosemite
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how well does it work?

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Part 1 :
Rittman Mead Hadoop (BDA) + Oracle BI
Project Experiences
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Typical RM Project BDA Topology

Starter BDA rack, or full rack
Kerberos-secured using
included KDC server
Integration with corporate LDAP
for Cloudera Manager, Hue etc
Developer access through Hue,
Beeline, R Studio
End-user access through
OBIEE, Endeca and other tools
With final datasets usually
exported to Exadata or Exalytics
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Oracle Big Data Appliance

Engineered system for big data processing and analysis
Optimized for enterprise Hadoop workloads
288 Intel Xeon E5 Processors
1152 GB total memory
648TB total raw storage capacity
Cloudera Distribution of Hadoop
Cloudera Manager
Open-source R
Oracle NoSQL Database Community Edition
Oracle Enterprise Linux + Oracle JVM
New - Oracle Big Data SQL
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Working with Oracle Big Data Appliance

Dont underestimate the value of pre-integrated - massive time-saver for client
No need to integrate Big Data Connectors, ODI Agent etc with HDFS, Hive etc etc
Single support route - raise SR with Oracle, they will route to Cloudera if needed
Single patch process for whole cluster - OS, CDH etc etc
Full access to Cloudera Enterprise features
Otherwise just another CDH cluster in terms of SSH access etc
We like it ;-)
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Cloudera Distribution including Hadoop (CDH)

Like Linux, you can set up your Hadoop system manually, or use a distribution
Key Hadoop distributions include Cloudera CDH, Hortonworks HDP, MapR etc
Cloudera CDH is the distribution Oracle use on Big Data Appliance
Provides HDFS and Hadoop framework for BDA
Includes Pig, Hive, Sqoop, Oozie, HBase
Cloudera Impala for real-time SQL access
Cloudera Manager & Hue
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Cloudera Manager and Hue

Web-based tools provided with Cloudera CDH
Cloudera Manager used for cluster admin,
maintenance (like Enterprise Manager
Commercial tool developed by Cloudera
Not enabled by default in BigDataLite VM
Hue is a developer / analyst tool for
working with Pig, Hive, Sqoop, HDFS etc
Open source project included in CDH
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Working with Cloudera Hadoop (CDH) - Observations

Very good product stack, enterprise-friendly, big community, can do lots with free edition
Cloudera have their favoured Hadoop technologies - Spark, Kafka
Also makes use of Cloudera-specific tools - Impala, Cloudera Manager etc
But ignores some tools that have value - Apache Tez for example
Easy for an Oracle developer to get productive with the CDH stack
But beware of some immature technologies / products
Hive != Oracle SQL
Spark is very much an alpha product
Limitations in things like LDAP integration, end-to-end security
Lots of products in stack = lots of places
to go to diagnose issues
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CDH : Things That Work Well

HDFS as a low-cost, flexible
data store / reservoir; Hive for
SQL access to structured +
semi-structured HDFS data
Pig, Spark, Python, R

for data analysis and
munging
Hive Metastore /
HCatalog
HDFS Cluster Filesystem
RDBMS
Imports
Real-Time
Logs / Events
File /
Unstructured
Imports
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Cloudera Manager and

Hue for web-based
admin + dev access

Oracle-licensed utilities to connect Hadoop to Oracle RBDMS
Bulk-extract data from Hadoop to Oracle, or expose HDFS / Hive data as external tables
Run R analysis and processing on Hadoop
Leverage Hadoop compute resources to offload ETL and other work from Oracle RBDMS
Enable Oracle SQL to access and load Hadoop data
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Working with the Oracle Big Data Connectors

Oracle Loader for Hadoop, Oracle SQL Connector for HDFS - rarely used
Sqoop works both way (Oracle>Hadoop, Hadoop>Oracle) and is good enough
OSCH replaced by Oracle Big Data SQL for direct Oracle>Hive access
Oracle Advanced Analytics for Hadoop has been very useful though
Run MapReduce jobs from R
Run R functions across Hive tables
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Oracle R Advanced Analytics for Hadoop Key Features

Run R functions on Hive Dataframes
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Write MapReduce functions in R
Initial Data Scoping & Discovery using R

R is typically used at start of a big data project to get a high-level understanding of the data
Can be run as R standalone, or using Oracle R Advanced Analytics for Hadoop
Do basic scan of incoming dataset, get counts, determine delimiters etc
Distribution of values for columns
Basic graphs and data discovery
Use findings to drive design of
parsing logic, Hive data structures,
need for data scrubbing / correcting etc
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Design Pattern : Discovery Lab

Actionable
Events
Actionable
Insights
Actionable
Information
Structured
Enterprise
Data
Input
Events
Data
Reservoir
Event Engine
Data Factory
Enterprise
Information Store
Execution
Innovation
Events
& Data
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Discovery Lab
Discovery
Output
Reporting
Other
Data
Design Pattern : Discovery Lab

Specific focus on identifying commercial value for exploitation
Small group of highly skilled individuals (aka Data Scientists)
Iterative development approach data oriented NOT development oriented
Wide range of tools and techniques applied
Searching and discovering unstructured data
Finding correlations and clusters
Filtering, aggregating, deriving and enhancing data
Data provisioned through Data Factory or own ETL
Typically separate infrastructure but
could also be unified Reservoir if
resource managed effectively
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For the Future - Oracle Big Data Discovery
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Interactive Analysis & Exploration of Hadoop Data
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Share and Collaborate on Big Data Discovery Projects
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Typical RM Big Data Project Tools Used

Data Loading
Real-time via Flume Conf scripts
Batch via Sqoop cmd-line exec
Discovery phase
Data prep via R scripts,

Python scripts
etc
Exploitation phase
Data analysis via R

scripts, Python scripts,
Pig, Spark etc
a.k.a. data munging
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Data Export
Batch via Sqoop
cmd-line exec
Sharing output via Hive
tables, Impala tables,
HDFS files etc
a.k.a. the magic
Data Loading into Hadoop

Default load type is real-time, streaming loads
Batch / bulk loads only typically used to seed system
Variety of sources including web log activity, event streams
Target is typically HDFS (Hive) or HBase
Data typically lands in raw state
Lots of files and events, need to be filtered/aggregated
Typically semi-structured (JSON, logs etc)
High volume, high velocity
- Which is why we use Hadoop rather than
RBDMS (speed vs. ACID trade-off)
Economics of Hadoop means its often possible to
archive all incoming data at detail level
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Loading
Stage
Real-Time
Logs / Events
File /
Unstructured
Imports
Apache Flume : Distributed Transport for Log Activity

Apache Flume is the standard way to transport log files from source through to target
Initial use-case was webserver log files, but can transport any file from A>B
Does not do data transformation, but can send to multiple targets / target types
Mechanisms and checks to ensure successful transport of entries
Has a concept of agents, sinks and channels
Agents collect and forward log data
Sinks store it in final destination
Channels store log data en-route
Simple configuration through INI files
Handled outside of ODI12c
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Apache Kafka : Reliable, Message-Based

Developed by LinkedIn, designed to address Flume issues around reliability, throughput
(though many of those issues have been addressed since)
Designed for persistent messages as the common use case
Website messages, events etc vs. log file entries
Consumer (pull) rather than Producer (push) model
Supports multiple consumers per message queue
More complex to set up than Flume, and can use
Flume as a consumer of messages
But gaining popularity, especially
alongside Spark Streaming
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GoldenGate for Continuous Streaming to Hadoop

Oracle GoldenGate is also an option, for streaming RDBMS transactions to Hadoop
Leverages GoldenGate & HDFS / Hive Java APIs
Sample Implementations on MOS Doc.ID 1586210.1 (HDFS) and 1586188.1 (Hive)
Likely to be formal part of GoldenGate in future release - but usable now
Can also integrate with Flume for delivery to HDFS - see MOS Doc.ID 1926867.1
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NoSQL Databases
Family of database types that reject tabular storage,
SQL access and ACID compliance
Useful as a way of landing data quickly + supporting
random cell-level access by ETL process
Focus is on scalability, speed and schema-on-read
Oracle NoSQL Database - speed and scalability
Apache HBase - speed, scalability and Hadoop
MongoDB - native storage of JSON documents
May or may not run on Hadoop, but associated with it
Great choice for high-velocity data capture
CRUD approach vs write-once/read many in HDFS
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ODI on Hadoop - Big Data Projects Discover ETL Tools

ODI provides an excellent framework for running Hadoop ETL jobs
ELT approach pushes transformations down to Hadoop - leveraging power of cluster
Hive, HBase, Sqoop and OLH/ODCH KMs provide native Hadoop loading / transformation
Whilst still preserving RDBMS push-down
Extensible to cover Pig, Spark etc
Process orchestration
Data quality / error handling
Metadata and model-driven
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ODI on Hadoop - How Well Does It Work?

Very good for set-based processing of Hadoop data (HiveQL)
Can run python, R etc scripts as procedures
Brings metadata and team-based ETL development to Hadoop
Process orchestration, error-handling etc
Rapid innovation from the ODI Product Dev team - Spark KMs etc coming soon
But requires Hadoop devs to learn ODI, or add ODI developer to the project
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Options for Sharing Hadoop Output with Wider Audience

During the discovery phase of a Hadoop project, audience are likely technical
Most comfortable with data analyst tools, command-line, low-level access to the data
During the exploitation phase, audience will be less technical
Emphasis on graphical tools, and integration with wider reporting toolset + metadata
Three main options for visualising and sharing Hadoop data
1.Coming Soon - Oracle Big Data Discovery (Endeca on Hadoop)
2.OBIEE reporting against Hadoop
direct using Hive/Impala, or Oracle Big Data SQL
3.OBIEE reporting against an export of the
Hadoop data, on Exalytics / RDBMS
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Oracle Business Analytics and Big Data Sources

OBIEE 11g can also make use of big data sources
OBIEE 11.1.1.7+ supports Hive/Hadoop as a data source
Oracle R Enterprise can expose R models through DB functions, columns
Oracle Exalytics has InfiniBand connectivity to Oracle BDA
Endeca Information Discovery can analyze unstructured and semi-structured sources
Increasingly tighter-integration between
OBIEE and Endeca
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New in OBIEE 11.1.1.7 : Hadoop Connectivity through Hive

MapReduce jobs are typically written in Java, but Hive can make this simpler
Hive is a query environment over Hadoop/MapReduce to support SQL-like queries
Hive server accepts HiveQL queries via HiveODBC or HiveJDBC, automatically
creates MapReduce jobs against data previously loaded into the Hive HDFS tables
Approach used by ODI and OBIEE to gain access to Hadoop data
Allows Hadoop data to be accessed just like any other data source
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Importing Hadoop/Hive Metadata into RPD

HiveODBC driver has to be installed into Windows environment, so that
BI Administration tool can connect to Hive and return table metadata
Import as ODBC datasource, change physical DB type to Apache Hadoop afterwards
Note that OBIEE queries cannot span >1 Hive schema (no table prefixes)
2
1
3
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OBIEE 11.1.1.7 / HiveServer2 ODBC Driver Issue

Most customers using BDAs are using CDH4 or CDH5 - which uses HiveServer2
OBIEE 11.1.1.7 only ships/supports HiveServer1 ODBC drivers
But OBIEE 11.1.1.7 on Windows can use the Cloudera HiveServer2 ODBC drivers
which isnt supported by Oracle
but works!
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Dealing with Hadoop / Hive Latency Option 1 : Impala

Hadoop access through Hive can be slow - due to inherent latency in Hive
Hive queries use MapReduce in the background to query Hadoop
Spins-up Java VM on each query
Generates MapReduce job
Runs and collates the answer
Great for large, distributed queries ...
... but not so good for speed-of-thought dashboards
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Dealing with Hadoop / Hive Latency Option 1 : Use Impala

Hive is slow - because its meant to be used for batch-mode queries
Many companies / projects are trying to improve Hive - one of which is Cloudera
Cloudera Impala is an open-source but
commercially-sponsored in-memory MPP platform
Replaces Hive and MapReduce in the Hadoop stack
Can we use this, instead of Hive, to access Hadoop?
It will need to work with OBIEE
Warning - it wont be a supported data source (yet)
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How Impala Works

A replacement for Hive, but uses Hive concepts and
data dictionary (metastore)
MPP (Massively Parallel Processing) query engine
that runs within Hadoop
Uses same file formats, security,
resource management as Hadoop
Processes queries in-memory
Accesses standard HDFS file data
Option to use Apache AVRO, RCFile,
LZO or Parquet (column-store)
Designed for interactive, real-time
SQL-like access to Hadoop
Impala
Hadoop
HDFS etc
Impala
Hadoop
HDFS etc
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BI Server
Presentation Svr
Cloudera Impala
ODBC Driver
Impala
Impala
Hadoop
Hadoop
HDFS etc
HDFS etc
Impala
Hadoop
HDFS etc
Multi-Node
Hadoop Cluster
Connecting OBIEE 11.1.1.7 to Cloudera Impala

Warning - unsupported source - limited testing and no support from MOS
Requires Cloudera Impala ODBC drivers - Windows or Linux (RHEL etc/SLES) - 32/64 bit
ODBC Driver / DSN connection steps similar to Hive
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So Does Impala Work, as a Hive Substitute?

With ORDER BY disabled in DB features, it appears to
But not extensively tested by me, or Oracle
But its certainly interesting
Reduces 30s, 180s queries down to 1s, 10s etc
Impala, or one of the competitor projects
(Drill, Dremel etc) assumed to be the
real-time query replacement for Hive, in time
Oracle announced planned support for
Impala at OOW2013 - watch this space
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Dealing with Hadoop / Hive Latency Option 2 : Export to Data Mart

In most cases, for general reporting access, exporting into RDBMS makes sense
Export Hive data from Hadoop into Oracle Data Mart or Data Warehouse
Use Oracle RDBMS for high-value data analysis, full access to RBDMS optimisations
Potentially use Exalytics for in-memory RBDMS access
RDBMS
Imports
Loading
Stage
Processing
Stage
Real-Time
Logs / Events
Store / Export
Stage
File
Exports
RDBMS
Exports
File /
Unstructured
Imports
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Dealing with Hadoop / Hive Latency Option 3 : Big Data SQL

Preferred solution for customers with Oracle Big Data Appliance is Big Data SQL
Oracle SQL Access to both relational, and Hive/NoSQL data sources
Exadata-type SmartScan against Hadoop datasets
Response-time equivalent to Impala or Hive on Tez
No issues around HiveQL limitations
Insulates end-users around differences
between Oracle and Hive datasets
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Oracle Big Data SQL

Part of Oracle Big Data 4.0 (BDA-only)
Also requires Oracle Database 12c, Oracle Exadata Database Machine
Extends Oracle Data Dictionary to cover Hive
Extends Oracle SQL and SmartScan to Hadoop
SQL Queries
Extends Oracle Security Model over Hadoop
Fine-grained access control
Exadata Database
Data redaction, data masking
Server
Uses fast c-based readers where possible
SmartScan
(vs. Hive MapReduce generation)
Map Hadoop parallelism to Oracle PQ
Exadata
Hadoop
Big Data SQL engine works on top of YARN
Storage Servers
Cluster
Like Spark, Tez, MR2
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SmartScan
Oracle Big
Data SQL
View Hive Table Metadata in the Oracle Data Dictionary

Oracle Database 12c 12.1.0.2.0 with Big Data SQL option can view Hive table metadata
Linked by Exadata configuration steps to one or more BDA clusters
DBA_HIVE_TABLES and USER_HIVE_TABLES exposes Hive metadata
Oracle SQL*Developer 4.0.3, with Cloudera Hive drivers, can connect to Hive metastore
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
2
col database_name for a30

col table_name for a30
select database_name, table_name
from dba_hive_tables;
DATABASE_NAME
-----------------------------default
default
default
default
default
default
default
default
TABLE_NAME
-----------------------------access_per_post
access_per_post_categories
access_per_post_full
apachelog
categories
countries
cust
hive_raw_apache_access_log
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Big Data SQL Server Dataflow

1
Read data from HDFS Data Node

Direct-path reads
C-based readers when possible
Use native Hadoop classes otherwise
Translate bytes to Oracle
Apply SmartScan to Oracle bytes

Apply filters
Project columns
Parse JSON/XML
Score models
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Hive Access through Oracle External Tables + Hive Driver

Big Data SQL accesses Hive tables through external table mechanism
ORACLE_HIVE external table type imports Hive metastore metadata
ORACLE_HDFS requires metadata to be specified
Access parameters cluster and tablename specify Hive table source and BDA cluster
CREATE TABLE access_per_post_categories(
hostname varchar2(100),
request_date varchar2(100),
post_id varchar2(10),
title varchar2(200),
author varchar2(100),
category varchar2(100),
ip_integer number)
organization external
(type oracle_hive
default directory default_dir
access parameters(com.oracle.bigdata.tablename=default.access_per_post_categories));
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Use Rich Oracle SQL Dialect over Hadoop (Hive) Data

Ranking Functions
rank, dense_rank, cume_dist, percent_rank, ntile
Window Aggregate Functions
Avg, sum, min, max, count, variance, first_value, last_value
LAG/LEAD Functions
Reporting Aggregate Functions
Sum, Avg, ratio_to_report
Statistical Aggregates
Correlation, linear regression family, covariance
Linear Regression
Fitting of ordinary-least-squares regression line to set of number pairs
Descriptive Statistics
Correlations
Pearsons correlation coefficients
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Crosstabs
Leverages Hive Metastore for Hadoop Java Access Classes

As with other next-gen SQL access layers, uses common Hive metastore table metadata
Provides route to underlying Hadoop data for Oracle Big Data SQL c-based SmartScan
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Extending SmartScan, and Oracle SQL, Across All Data

Brings query-offloading features of Exadata
to Oracle Big Data Appliance
Query across both Oracle and Hadoop sources
Intelligent query optimisation applies SmartScan
close to ALL data
Use same SQL dialect across both sources
Apply same security rules, policies,
user access rights across both sources
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Example : Using Big Data SQL to Add Dimensions to Hive Data

We want to add country and post details to a Hive table containing page accesses
Post and Country details are stored in Oracle RBDMS reference tables
Hive Weblog Activity table
Oracle Dimension lookup tables
Combined output
in report form
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Create ORACLE_HIVE External Table over Hive Table

Use the ORACLE_HIVE access driver type to create Oracle external table over Hive table
ACCESS_PER_POST_EXTTAB now appears in Oracle data dictionary
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Import Oracle Tables, Create RPD joining Tables Together

No need to use Hive ODBC drivers - Oracle OCI connection instead
No issue around HiveServer1 vs HiveServer2; also Big Data SQL handles authentication
with Hadoop cluster in background, Kerberos etc
Transparent to OBIEE - all appear as Oracle tables
Join across schemas if required
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Create Physical Data Model from Imported Table Metadata

Join ORACLE_HIVE external table containing log data, to reference tables from Oracle DB
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Create Business Model and Presentation Layers

Map incoming physical tables into a star schema
Add aggregation method for fact measures
Add logical keys for logical dimension tables
Remove columns from fact table that arent measures
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Create Initial Analyses Against Combined Dataset

Create analyses using
full SQL features
Access to Oracle RDBMS
Advanced Analytics functions
through EVALUATE,
EVALUATE_AGGR etc
Big Data SQL SmartScan feature
provides fast, ad-hoc access
to Hive data, avoiding MapReduce
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Oracle / Hive Query Federation at the RDBMS Level

Oracle Big Data SQL feature (not BI Server) takes care of query federation
SQL required for fact table (web log activity) access sent to Big Data SQL agent on BDA
Only columns (projection) and rows (filtering) required to answer query sent back to Exadata
Storage Indexes used on both Exadata Storage Servers and BDA nodes to skip block reads
for irrelevant data
HDFS caching used to speed-up
access to commonly-used
HDFS data
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Access to Full Set of Oracle Join Types

No longer restricted to HiveQL equi-joins - Big Data SQL supports all Oracle join operators
Use to join Hive data (using View over external table) to a IP range country lookup table
using BETWEEN join operator
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Add In Time Dimension Table

Enables time-series reporting; pre-req for forecasting (linear regression-type queries)
Map to Date field in view over ORACLE_HIVE table
Convert incoming Hive STRING field to Oracle DATE for better time-series manipulation
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Now Enables Time-Series Reporting Incl. Country Lookups
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What About Oracle Big Data SQL and ODI12c?

Hive, and MapReduce, are well suited to batch-type ETL jobs, but
Not all join types are available in Hive - joins must be equality joins
Any data from external Oracle RDBMS sources has to be staged in Hadoop before joining
Limited set of HiveQL functions vs. Oracle SQL
Oracle-based mappings have to import
Hive data into DB before accessing it
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Combining Oracle and Hadoop (Hive) Data in Mappings

Example scenario : log data in Hadoop needs to be enriched with customer data in Oracle
Hadoop (Hive) contains log activity and customer etc IDs
Reference / customer data held in Oracle RBDMS
How do we create a mapping that joins both datasets?
movieapp_log_odistage.custid = CUSTOMER.CUSTID
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Options for Importing Oracle / RDBMS Data into Hadoop

Could export RBDMS data to file, and load using IKM
File to Hive
Oracle Big Data Connectors only export to Oracle,
not import to Hadoop
One option is to use Apache Sqoop, and new
IKM SQL to Hive-HBase-File knowledge module
Hadoop-native, automatically runs in parallel
Uses native JDBC drivers, or OraOop (for example)
Bi-directional in-and-out of Hadoop to RDBMS
Join performed in Hive, using HiveQL
With HiveQL limitations (only equi-joins)
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Sqoop extract
movieapp_log_odistage.custid =
customer.custid
New Option - Using Oracle Big Data SQL

Oracle Big Data SQL provides ability for Exadata to reference Hive tables
Use feature to create join in Oracle, bringing across Hive data through ORACLE_HIVE table
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Oracle Big Data SQL and Data Integration

Gives us the ability to easily bring in Hadoop (Hive) data into Oracle-based mappings
Allows us to create Hive-based mappings that use Oracle SQL for transforms, joins
Faster access to Hive data for real-time ETL scenarios
Through Hive, bring NoSQL and semi-structured data access to Oracle ETL projects
For our scenario - join weblog + customer data in Oracle RDBMS, no need to stage in Hive
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Using Big Data SQL in an ODI12c Mapping

By default, Hive table has to be exposed as an ORACLE_HIVE external table in Oracle first
Then register that Oracle external table in ODI repository + model
3
External table creation in Oracle
2
Register in ODI Model
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Logical Mapping using just Oracle tables
Custom KM : LKM Hive to Oracle (Big Data SQL)

ODI12c Big Data SQL example on BigDataLite VM uses a custom KM for Big Data SQL
LKM Hive to Oracle (Big Data SQL) - KM code downloadable from java.net
Allows Hive+Oracle joins by auto-creating ORACLE_HIVE extttab
definition to enable Big Data SQL Hive table access
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ODI12c Mapping Creates Temp Exttab, Joins to Oracle

Big Data SQL Hive External Table created as temp object
1
Register in ODI Model
Main integration SQL routines uses regular Oracle SQL join
4
Hive table AP uses LKM Hive to Oracle (Big Data SQL)
2
IKM Oracle Insert
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Finally What Keeps the CIO Awake at Night

Security and Privacy Regulations
Are we analysing and sharing data in compliance with privacy regulations?
- And if we are - would customers think our use of it is ethical?
Do I know if the data in my Hadoop cluster is *really* secure?
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Hadoop Security By Default

Connections between Hadoop services, and by users to services, arent authenticated
Security is fragmented : HDFS, Hive, OS user accounts, Hue, CM all separate models
No single place to define security policies, groups, access rights
No single tool to audit access and permissions
By default, everything is open and trusted - reflects roots in academia, R&D, marketing depts
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Secured Hadoop : Kerberos, Sentry, Data Encryption etc

Available for most Hadoop distributions, part of core Hadoop
Kerberos Authentication - enables service-to-service, and client-to-service authentication
using MIT Kerberos or MS AD Kerberos
Apache Sentry - Role-based Access Control for Hive, Impala and HDFS (CDH5.3+)
Transparent at-rest HDFS encryption (CDH5.3+)
Closes security loopholes, goes some way to Oracle-type data security
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Oracle Big Data SQL : Single RBDMS/Hadoop Security Model

Potential to extend Oracle security model over Hadoop (Hive) data
Masking / Redaction
VPD
FGAC
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Summary
Hadoop and Oracle Big Data Appliance are increasingly appearing in BI+DW Projects
Gives DW projects the ability to store more data, cheaper and more flexibly than before
Enables non-relational (SQL) query tools and analysis techniques (R, Spark etc)
Extends BIs capability to report and analyze across wider data sources
Maturity varies widely in terms of tool maturity, and Oracle integration with Hadoop
Trend is for Oracle to productize big data, creating tools + products around Oracle BDA
We are probably at early stages - but very interesting times to be an Oracle BI+DW dev!
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Thank You for Attending!

Thank you for attending this presentation, and more information can be found at
http://www.rittmanmead.com
Contact us at info@rittmanmead.com or mark.rittman@rittmanmead.com
Look out for our book, Oracle Business Intelligence Developers Guide out now!
Follow-us on Twitter (@rittmanmead) or Facebook (facebook.com/rittmanmead)
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Hadoop and Oracle Technologies

on BI Projects
Mark Rittman, CTO, Rittman Mead
Dutch Oracle Users Group, Jan 14th 2015
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Hadoop (BDA) and Oracle Technologies On BI Projects

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Hadoop (BDA) and Oracle Technologies On BI Projects

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Hadoop (BDA) and Oracle Technologies

About the Speaker

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About Rittman Mead

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15+ Years in Oracle BI and Data Warehousing

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The Oracle-Centric DW Architecture

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The State of the Art for BI & DW Was This..

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Then Came Siebel Analytics and OBIEE

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The Oracle BI & DW World Changed

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Introducing - The Oracle Reference DW Architecture

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Todays Oracle Information Management Architecture

Todays Layered Data Warehouse Architecture

Foundation Data Layer

Immutable modelled data. Business

Raw Data Reservoir

Immutable raw data reservoir

Web & Social Media

Discovery Lab Sandboxes

Rapid Development Sandboxes

Project based data stores to

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Past, current and future interpretation of

Data Engines &

Project based data stored to

The Oracle Data Warehousing Platform - 2014

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Introducing The Data Reservoir?

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Oracles Big Data Products

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Just Released - Oracle Big Data SQL

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Coming Soon : Oracle Big Data Discovery

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Coming Soon : Oracle Data Enrichment Cloud Service

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Combining Oracle RDBMS with Hadoop + NoSQL

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Productising the Next-Generation IM Architecture

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Still a Key Role for Data Integration, and BI Tools

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OBIEE for Enterprise Analysis Across all Data Sources

In-Memory Caching Layer

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Bringing it All Together : Oracle Data Integrator 12c

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Oracles Product Strategy

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Rittman Mead Hadoop (BDA) + Oracle BI Project Experiences

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Why is Hadoop of Interest to Us?

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Oracle & Hadoop Use-Cases