LECTURE NOTES

COMPUTER SCIENCE
SC025
FUNDAMENTAL OF MULTIMEDIA

MAIN MENU
1. DEFINITION OF MULTIMEDIA
2. MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
3. MODE OF MULTIMEDIA INTERACTIVITY
4. MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE
5. MEDIUM OF DISTRIBUTION

DEFINITION OF MULTIMEDIA
LEARNING OUTCOME
At the end of this topic, students should
be able to:
1. Define Multimedia

DEFINITION OF MULTIMEDIA

Any combination of _____, graphics, animation,

______ and video delivered to you by
computer or other electronic or digitally
manipulated means.
An interactive communication process or
presentation of information by using a
combination of text, audio, graphics, video
and/or animation.

MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this topic, students should
be able to:
1. Describe the elements of Multimedia

MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
The five(5) elements of multimedia

Graphics

Static elements

Video

Animation

Dynamic elements

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Text
Text
combination of alphabets, numbers and symbol

basic element of multimedia

involves the use of text types, sizes, colors and

background color

MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
Text
Input Devices for Text
, etc.

Hypertext
link through the use of text in a multimedia
application

MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
Text
Effective multimedia program should consider:
1. The position of the text on the screen

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Text
Effective multimedia program should consider:
2. Length of the message

MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
Standard File Format
Example:

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Graphics
digital representation of images

make the multimedia application attractive help to

illustrate ideas through still pictures

two types of graphics:

- Bitmap (paint graphics)
- Vector (draw graphics)

Input Devices for Graphics

- digital camera, scanner

MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
Graphics
Bitmap Images
real images that can be captured from devices such as
cameras or scanners

made up of pixels in a grid

MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
Graphics
Bitmap Images

common bitmap formats include:

BMP
GIF
JPEG/JPG
PNG
PICT (Macintosh)
PCX
TIFF
easily converted
restricted to rectangle
minimal support for transparency

MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
Graphics
Vector Graphics
draw on the computer and only required a small
amount of memory

common vector formats include:

AI (Adobe Illustrator)
CDR (CorelDRAW)
CMX (Corel Exchange)
CGM Computer Graphics Metafile
DXF AutoCAD
WMF Windows Metafile

MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
Graphics
Vector Graphics

scalable
resolution independent
no background
cartoon-like
inappropriate for photo-realistic images

MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
Example:

Standard File Format

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Video
Why Digital Video?
Advantages

MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
Video

Why Digital Video?

Disadvantages

MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
Example:

Standard File Format

MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
Audio
Audio / Sound
use of speech, music and sound effects

two basic types of audio or sound: analog and digital audio

example of hardware used to enter audio is a microphone

MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
Audio
Analog Audio
the original sound signal

can record analog audio file

special audio editors like Audacity can be used

to convert analog audio files into digital audio
files

MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
Audio
Digital Audio
the digital sampling of the actual sound used in
multimedia

MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
Standard File Format
Example:

MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
Animation
Animation
a process of making a static image look like it is moving

Animation in multimedia is called Digital Animation.

There are two (2) categories:
2D (2 Dimension) and
3D (3 Dimension) animation

MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
Animation
2D (2 Dimension)

creating movements in basic objects

these objects are put into various situations or
positions and have movement on the screen.

MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
Animation
3D (3 Dimension)
creating movements to three dimensional (3D) digital
objects from photographs

examples of animations: spinning movement

and flying across the screen

MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
Standard File Format
Example:

MODE OF MULTIMEDIA INTERACTIVITY

LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this topic, students should
be able to:
1. describe the modes of interactivity

MODE OF MULTIMEDIA INTERACTIVITY

Definition of Multimedia Interactivity
Interactivity
user can use input devices such as a keyboard,
joystick, mouse and touch screen to interact with the
multimedia application or program

two major categories:

- linear
- non-linear

MODE OF MULTIMEDIA INTERACTIVITY

Linear Interactivity

does not allow the user to have control of the sequence

and progress of the multimedia contents

user is a passive receiver of the multimedia content most

of the time

content is usually arranged in sequence. Example: movie

although a movie uses a combination of audio, graphics and

animations, the user has no control over the sequence of
events

MODE OF MULTIMEDIA INTERACTIVITY

Linear Interactivity

Example of Linear Interactivity

MODE OF MULTIMEDIA INTERACTIVITY

Non-Linear Interactivity

Allow user to control the sequence and progress of

the multimedia content

user is a active receiver of the multimedia content

most of the time

Content not arrange in sequences: eg; websites

user can control the progress and sequence of the

multimedia content by using buttons or links

MODE OF MULTIMEDIA INTERACTIVITY

Non-Linear Interactivity
Example:
uses tools like hypertext to connect a word or a phrase to
another screen

an electronic book with links to another screen is

considered as having non-linear multimedia content

Hypermedia is similar to Hypertext; it connects to

different media elements such as audio and video

MODE OF MULTIMEDIA INTERACTIVITY

Non-Linear Interactivity
Hypertext

Electronic Book

Hypermedia

5.4) MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE

5.4
MULTIMEDIA
SOFTWARE

5.4.1) Authoring
Tools

5.4.2) Support
software

5.4) MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE

5.4.1) Authoring Tools

LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this topic, students should
be able to:
1. differentiate between multimedia
authoring tools based on the
metaphor

MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE
5.4.1) Authoring Tools

program that helps in writing multimedia applications

enable to create a final application by linking together

objects such as a paragraph of text graphic or a video

MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE
5.4.1) Authoring Tools
Metaphor

MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE
5.4.1) Authoring Tools
Metaphor:
Refer to:

Note: A functional metaphor will assist in enhancing

communication between the learner/user with the
content being presented

MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE
5.4.1) Authoring Tools
Metaphor:
All multimedia authoring tools are based on a
metaphor.
The metaphor is based on three main
characteristics:
- the way program sequences events that
happen
- the way the application is delivered
- the way program organizes the different
elements

MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE
5.4.1) Authoring Tools

Three basic categories of authoring tools based

on metaphor:

1) Time-Based

2)

3) Icon-Based

MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE
5.4.1) Authoring Tools
Time Based
The multimedia elements or events are presented and
organized along a time line

a time line consists of layers which span several frames

This type of tool helps you

coordinate when each multimedia element

(text, graphics, audio, video, or animation) plays,

the speed at which it plays,

and the length of time it remains on the screen.

Flash, Director and Ktoon (support multi platform) are

examples of time-based development environment

MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE
5.4.1) Authoring Tools
Example (Time Based):

A simple presentation could contain three layers;

layer one could contain a picture of a blue sky
layer two could contain a picture of a mountain
layer three a picture of a mountain climber

MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE
5.4.1) Authoring Tools
Icon Based
provides the multimedia developer with a visual
programming approach to sequencing events in the
multimedia application

MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE
5.4.1) Authoring Tools
Icon Based
elements and events are organized in a structural
framework

MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE
5.4.1) Authoring Tools
Icon Based
users can present visually a logical flow of events by
dragging icons from an icon menu and use drag and drop
to pick up and place

icons on the presentation page

MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE
5.4.1) Authoring Tools
Icon Based
Represent graphics, audio files, animation, text, movies, and
other elements should be played in a logical flow or flow chart

A presentation is built by inserting one object after another

A simple application could contain just three icons: picture,

sound and text icon

Authorware and iconAuthor (support multi platform) is

example of development environment

MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE
5.4.1) Authoring Tools
Example (Icon Based):

MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE
5.4.1) Authoring Tools

based on the idea of page / card stacks containing graphics,

audio, video, text and animation

elements and events are organized as pages in a book or a

stack of cards

by inserting objects into several pages, a multimedia book

is eventually created

MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE
5.4.1) Authoring Tools

developer can create transitions between pages and on the

objects themselves

examples: ToolBook (use Windows platform), HyperCard

and SuperCard (use Macintosh platform) and Impress (open
source software).

MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE
5.4.1) Authoring Tools
Example (Page/Card Based):

MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE
Support Software
LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this topic, students should
be able to:
1. explain different types of support
software

MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE
Support Software
software that can be used to produce multimedia
elements

MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE
Support Software

text editor is used to edit plain text

Examples of Editing Software:

OpenOffice.org Writer;
Microsoft Word;
Wordpad
Notepad

*.odt
*.doc, *.docx
*.rtf
*.txt

MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE
Support Software
graphic editor can edit images, draw or illustrate
pictures or objects

Examples of Editing Software:

GIMP;
*.xcf
Adobe Photoshop;
*.psd
Corel Draw
*.cdr
Microsoft Paint
*.bmp

MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE
Support Software
animation editors are used for producing 2D, 3D,
special effects and animation for the Web

Examples of Editing Software:

3D Blender;
Adobe Flash;
3D Studio Max;
LightWave

*.blend
*.swf
*.max
*.dvs

MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE
Support Software
audio editor is used for voice recording or producing
music and special sound effects

Examples of Editing Software:

Audacity;
Sound Forge;
WavePad;

*.aup
*.wav
*.dvs

MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE
Support Software

video editor is used to edit video

Examples of Editing Software:

PiTiVi;
OpenShot;
Adobe Premier;
Final Cut Pro;

*.xptv
*.osp
*.ptl
*.fcp

MEDIUM OF DISTRIBUTION
CD-ROM

DVD-ROM

FLASH
DRIVE

MEDIUM
MEDIUM
OF
OFDISTRIBUTION
DISTRIBUTION

BROADBAND
INTERNET

BD-ROM

MEDIUM OF DISTRIBUTION
LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this topic, students should
be able to:
1. differentiate medium of distribution

MEDIUM OF DISTRIBUTION
CD-ROM Disc
CD-ROM Disc
acronym for compact disc-read-only memory

use laser technology to store items

users can read the contents but cannot erase or modify it

contents
typical CD holds 650 MB to 1 GB of data, instructions and

information

MEDIUM OF DISTRIBUTION
DVD-ROM Disc
DVD-ROM Disc
acronym for digital versatile disc-read-only memory or digital

video disc-read-only memory

high capacity optical disk that user can read but not to write

on or erase
capable of storing 4.7 GB to 17 GB of data, depending on the

storage techniques used

MEDIUM OF DISTRIBUTION
BD-ROM Disc
BD-ROM Disc

acronym for blu-ray disc-read-only memory

a newer, more expensive DVD format with higher

capacity and better quality than standard DVDs

has storage capacities 0f 100 GB, with expectations of

exceeding 200 GB in the future

MEDIUM OF DISTRIBUTION
Flash drive
Flash Drive

also known as Thumb Drive

a flash memory storage device that plugs in a USB port on

computer or mobile device

convenient for mobile users

data transfer: 12MBps

storage capacity: 512 MB to 100 GB

MEDIUM OF DISTRIBUTION
The Broadband Internet
Broadband Internet
refers to a telecommunications signal of greater
bandwidth, in some sense, than another standard or usual
signal (the broader the band, the greater the capacity for
traffic)

Storage capacity: Infinite (limited only by the storage or the

number of server)

Service Provider : cable modem, DSL, Fixed fireless, WiFi,

fiber, radio signal and satellite

Broadband Provider: Maxis, Celcom, Digi, WiMax

SUMMARY
1. DEFINITION OF MULTIMEDIA
2. MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
3. MODE OF MULTIMEDIA INTERACTIVITY
4. MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE
5. MEDIUM OF DISTRIBUTION